退耕还林后续问题研究现状及展望

随着退耕还林工程的深入开展, 退耕还林后续问题引起了众多学者的关注。文中在梳理相关文献的基础上, 概述了退耕还林后续问题的研究现状, 分析了该领域已经取得的成果以及存在的不足, 并指出今后的研究方向。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

重庆四面山森林植物群落数量分类和排序

采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势典范对应分析法(DCCA)对重庆四面山森林植物群落进行数量分类和排序。TWINSPAN等级分类将四面山50个调查样地划分为14类,代表14个群系,分类的结果比较全面地概括了四面山的森林植被类型,属亚热带性质的次生植被类型。DCCA二维排序的结果与TWINSPAN分类结果较为一致,TWINSPAN分类所得到的14个群系在DCCA二维排序图上均有其相应的分布范围,但不同的森林植物群落间没有显著的分界界线。由海拔决定的土壤水分和温度的综合梯度是决定四面山植物群落分布格局的主要环境因素,坡度和坡位对植物群落的分布也有一定的影响。另外,大面积人工营造杉木林也对植物群落分布起到较大的影响作用。     

南水北调西线一期工程研究

南水北调西线工程是一项非常宏大的水利工程,工程建设对我国经济发展和社会进步具有十分重要意义。概述了南水北调西线一期工程从论证、超前期规划研究到工程实施的发展过程,介绍了调水工程区地质条件、主要活动断裂及其组合特征,分析了可用水量、存在的主要地质问题以及工程建设对环境和社会的影响,并提出了今后研究应注意的几个问题。     

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization,Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

我国的现代化建设必须要坚持走中国特色的新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化（以下简称“四化”）同步发展的道路。文章阐述了“四化”同步发展的科学内涵,并对“四化”之间的相关系系做了论证,在对我国“四化”存在问题分析的基础上。提出了加快信息化进程,实现“四化”同步发展的对策措旋。     

羊角椒新品种寿研梦扬的选育

寿研梦扬是由母本CSVHPM1407001和父本CSVHPF1407002配制而成的羊角椒一代杂种。植株长势旺盛,连续坐果能力强;果实长羊角形,果长25～30 cm,果肩宽3～4 cm;青熟果黄绿色,老熟果红色;外表光亮,商品性好,耐贮运;单果质量100 g左右,辣味浓,宜鲜食;田间对病毒病、炭疽病和疫病的抗性强于对照喜洋洋。保护地栽培鲜椒产量可达12 840 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1)左右。适宜山东、河北等地区早春、秋延保护地种植。     

黄淮海南部夏玉米对氮、磷、钾亏缺的响应及基因型差异

以36个玉米品种为试材,设置正常施肥、缺氮、缺磷和缺钾4个大田处理,分析养分亏缺下玉米7个产量相关性状的变化,对玉米养分效率类型进行划分和评价。结果表明,氮、磷、钾亏缺条件下,7个性状均呈不同程度下降趋势,其中缺氮处理降幅最大。熵权模糊隶属函数法计算得到耐低氮、低磷、低钾综合评价D值范围分别为0.614～0.974、0.739～0.959、0.671～0.971,平均值分别为0.790、0.889、0.894。D值聚类分析表明,耐低钾型品种最多,其次是耐低磷型,耐低氮型品种最少,三者兼具品种4个。根据D值和正常施肥下子粒产量,筛选出高产耐低氮型品种8个,高产耐低磷型品种9个,高产耐低钾型品种15个,三者兼具品种1个。     

湛江港邻近水域游泳生物种类组成和资源密度的分布

根据2005年湛江港邻近水域秋冬2季渔业资源调查的资料,分析和研究了该水域游泳生物的种类组成及其资源密度的分布。结果表明,该水域共有游泳生物131种,分隶于16目60科,其中鱼类89种,甲壳类34种,头足类8种,大多属于印度-太平洋区系。鱼类以暖水性种类为主(91.01%),暖温性种类少(8.99%),没有出现冷水性种类。甲壳类和头足类以暖水性的种类为绝对优势,广温性的种类相对较少,暖温性的种类最少,也没有出现冷水性种类。游泳生物渔获率呈现明显的季节变动,秋季渔获率(16.91 kg·h~(-1))高于冬季(10.82 kg·h~(-1))。2季调查渔获率鱼类最多,其后依次为甲壳类、头足类。秋季和冬季游泳生物资源密度分别为528.44和338.13 kg·km~(-2)。文章并提出了渔业资源的保护措施。     

京津沪都市型现代农业发展比较研究

通过对北京、上海和天津三地都市型现代农业发展水平、功能定位和发展模式的比较,提出了天津沿海都市型现代农业发展过程中存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

Antibacterial Activity of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus

New compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for Gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. This present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six LC-PUFAs against P. acnes and S. aureus to evaluate their potential to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against P. acnes and S. aureus, and the LC-PUFAs were found to inhibit bacterial growth at 32–1024 mg/L. Generally, P. acnes was more susceptible to the growth inhibitory actions of LC-PUFAs, but these compounds were bactericidal only for S. aureus. This is the first report of antibacterial activity attributed to 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-OHEPA) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETrE), while the anti-P. acnes effects of the six LC-PUFAs used herein are novel observations. During exposure to the LC-PUFAs, S. aureus cells were killed within 15–30 min. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that the LC-PUFAs did not antagonise the antimicrobial potency of clinical agents used presently against P. acnes and S. aureus. However, importantly, synergistic interactions against S. aureus were detected for combinations of benzoyl peroxide with 15-OHEPA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and HETrE; and neomycin with 15-OHEPA, DGLA, eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and HETrE. In conclusion, LC-PUFAs warrant further evaluation as possible new agents to treat skin infections caused by P. acnes and S. aureus, especially in synergistic combinations with antimicrobial agents already used clinically.