Facing the threat of equine parasitic disease

Horses worldwide are exposed to a complex mixture of intestinal parasitic helminths. When burdens are high, these parasites can seriously compromise health and welfare. Some helminth species have an extremely high prevalence and are difficult to control, not least because there is a limited understanding of their most basic biology. Furthermore, levels of resistance to some of the commonly used anthelmintics are widespread and increasing. The cyathostomins are the most common nematode species affecting equids worldwide. Within this group of parasites are more than 50 different species. Until recent research activities, little was known about the contribution that individual species make to clinical disease, parasite epidemiology and anthelmintic resistance. This review describes some of the recent research advances in the understanding of cyathostomins in these areas. As part of the research effort, molecular tools were developed to facilitate identification of the non-parasitic stages of cyathostomins. These tools have proved invaluable in the investigation of the relative contributions that individual species make to the pathology and epidemiology of mixed infections. At the more applied level, research has also progressed in the development of a diagnostic test that will allow numbers of cyathostomin encysted larvae to be estimated. This test utilises cyathostomin-specific serum antibody responses as markers of infection. As anthelmintic resistance will be the major constraint on parasite control in future, researchers are actively investigating mechanisms of drug resistance and how to improve the detection of resistance in the field. Recent developments in these areas are also outlined.     

驼绒藜属植物研究现状及进展

驼绒藜属植物为旱生、超旱生优良饲草,粗蛋白质、氨基酸含量较高,适口性好,营养丰富,防风固沙作用强,在改良草地、防止草原“三化”及荒漠草原区发展畜牧业生产中具有重要作用。阐述了驼绒藜属植物解剖学与细胞学、种子生理、抗性生理、生物学、生殖生物学与生殖生态学研究等6个方面的国内外研究现状、进展及存在问题。     

番石榴番花生产应用研究

该文论述在广西职业技术学院番石榴试验园进行促夏梢、番花,成功利用番花生产番花果的试验方法、措施、关键技术等,并对番花果果实的营养成分进行测定,分析其与正造果之间的差异。试验表明番花果生产的关键技术主要有三：一是抓住时机、科学修剪和用好促发夏梢、番花肥。二是合理留好正造果;三是做好番花果保花保果、水肥管理及果实套袋等。     

A spotlight on snow leopard conservation in China

China holds the greatest proportion of the snow leopard's (Panthera uncia) global range and is central to their conservation. The country is also undergoing unprecedented economic growth, which increases both the threats to the snow leopard and the opportunities for its conservation. In this paper we aim to review published literature (from 1950 to 2014) in English and Mandarin on snow leopard ecology and conservation in China in order to identify thematic and geographic research gaps and propose research priorities. We first retrieved all published items that considered snow leopards in China (n = 106). We extracted from these papers 274 reports of snow leopard presence in China. We then reviewed a subset of papers (n = 33) of this literature, which specifically focused on snow leopard ecology and conservation within China. We introduced a thematic framework that allows a structured and comprehensive assessment of findings. This framework recognizes 4 critical and interrelated topics underpinning snow leopard ecology and conservation: habitat (distribution and protected area coverage); prey (distribution and abundance, predator–prey relationships); human interactions (hunting and trade, livestock interactions and conflicts); and the underlying policy context. Significant gains in knowledge as well as research gaps and priorities are discussed with reference to our framework. The modest quantity and limited scope of published research on the snow leopard in China calls for a continued and intensified effort to inform and support national conservation policies.     

高校创新培养新模式探索——文献阅读模式改革

随着我国高校学生培养水平的整体提高及对学生学习、掌握理论与技能要求的进一步提高,对其培养模式的新探索也随之展开。本文针对高校本科生与研究生在文献阅读中普遍存在的“不会找,不会读,读不懂”三大难题,借助例会等形式进行文献阅读改革的探索,对所阅读文献的内容,质量,侧重点等进行具体规划,并辅以凝练总结加以强化。团队多年来在教学模式中的探索与实践表明,通过5个部分对文献讲读因材施教,学生理论水平提升效果明显,对科研思维的培养也有较高的指导意义,为其学习专业领域知识及科研领域探索奠定更稳固的基础。本文结合团队多年来教学培养新模式中的探索经验,提出几点措施与建议,供大家参考。     

玉米胚芽粕在动物营养中的研究进展

玉米胚芽粕是玉米深加工的重要副产品,我国年产玉米1.39亿吨,每年都生产出大量的玉米胚芽粕[l-2]。因其营养成分较为全面、适口性好、价格低廉且蛋白质含量高、氨基酸组成合理,因此,研究它在畜禽日粮中的饲用效果有一定的实际意义。近年来,国内外用玉米胚芽粕作为蛋白质补充饲料饲喂畜禽已作过一些研究,但研究不够系统深人[3-5]。本文主要从玉米胚芽粕的营养成分、实际应用及对畜禽生产的影响等方面进行介绍,旨在为研究畜禽的营养需要及科学配制日粮提供依据。     

研究型学院本科教学运行管理体系的构建与实践

研究型学院以培养创新人才和发展研究型教学为核心,构建适应研究型学院本科教学运行管理体系是实现这一核心任务的根本保证。通过探索和实践,初步构建了适合研究型学院的,能有效确保教学正常运行的管理体系,实现教学管理科学化、规范化、制度化,不断提高人才培养质量和管理水平。     

养殖环境生物除氮脱氮技术研究进展

随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖环境中氮的污染问题日益严重。生物除氮脱氮技术由于具有无可比拟的优势而受到人们的重视,近年来无论在基础理论还是应用实践方面发展迅速。本文总结了水产养殖中该项技术的最新研究进展,并指出今后的研究方向和重点。     

奶牛非饲草来源纤维营养研究进展

本文在总结分析国内外最新研究成果的基础上,对非饲草来源纤维(NFFS)对奶牛的营养作用和生理影响及其机理进行了综述,主要从NFFS部分替代饲草对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃草垫层和瘤胃发酵的影响,以及NFFS部分替代精料对饲料效率、生产性能和亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)奶牛生理的影响等方面进行论述,旨在为NFFS饲料在奶牛饲粮中的科学合理利用提供理论参考和依据。     

Adoption of leaf color chart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessment of a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal,India

Unbalanced and excessive use of N-fertilizers causes environmental pollution, lodging of plants and increased pest pressure, in addition to increased cost to farmers from excessively applied fertilizers and pesticides. N application at the right time and in right amount is critical for healthy plant and environment. Rice leaf color intensity is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen status. The concept for the use of leaf color as an indicator to apply N in rice was crystallized during 1990s. The International Rice Research Institute and the Philippine Rice Research Institute developed a leaf color chart (LCC) that helps guide farmers for real-time nitrogen management in rice farming. The technology is inexpensive, and easily affordable by most resource poor rice farmers. In 2003 we initiated a farmer-participatory research to validate real-time N management in rice by the use of LCC in West Bengal state of India. After 3 years of validation research, a survey was conducted to assess the adoption and impact of LCC. The survey was conducted in both intervention and adjacent control villages and data were collected from 20% farm households selected randomly. In this paper, we report findings of the study on the determinants of adoption of LCC, and its effect on fertilizer and pesticides use.