吉林市左家镇母牛繁殖障碍的原因调查及防治对策

通过一年多临床实践及走访调查,对吉林市左家镇引起母牛繁殖障碍的常见原因做出了较为全面的了解,并且通过临床防治总结出较为科学有效的防治对策。     

有机硒对雄性昆明小鼠繁殖性能影响的研究

将试验小白鼠随机分为6组,对照组(0.15 mg/kg)、缺硒组(0.01 mg/kg)、低硒组(0.16 mg/kg)、中硒组(0.31 mg/kg)和高硒组(0.61 mg/kg),试验鼠自由采食。待成功建立缺硒及各剂量组动物模型后,测定试验鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和雄性小鼠繁殖性能的指标(精液品质—畸形率、顶体反应、渗透性)。试验结果显示,在第9周末成功建立缺硒动物模型;补硒各组的生殖脏器指数与对照组间无显著差异,但与缺硒组差异显著或极显著;缺硒组精子活力仅23.1%±2.3%,精子畸形率达57.9%±0.3%,顶体完整率仅47.0%±6.3%,低渗膨胀率为43.8%±2.1%,产仔率为0,均与其它各组差异极显著;补硒组精子活力和活率均有加强,且除低渗膨胀率外,其它繁殖指标均与对照组差异显著或极显著。缺硒导致雄性小鼠生长受阻及繁殖性能降低,含硒化合物,尤其是有机硒化合物有增强繁殖性能的作用,且安全剂量范围内的高剂量组的促进作用更为明显。     

女贞子粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响

选择65周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡150只,采用单因素完全随机分组试验设计,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、试验组Ⅰ(基础日粮+0.5%女贞子粉)、试验组Ⅱ(基础日粮+1%女贞子粉).每组设5个重复,每个重复10只蛋鸡.试验期为8周.本试验研究了女贞子粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、免疫功能和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,与对照组相比,...     

玉米灌浆期抗旱性鉴定形态指标的筛选

以9个玉米品种为试验材料,在大田设置自然干旱胁迫试验与正常灌水试验,对叶面积、株高、干物质、穗位高等8个形态指标进行测定,用8个指标的相对值与抗旱指数进行相关分析.结果表明:叶面积可作为抗旱性鉴定的一级指标;株高、干物质、雄穗分支数、雄穗大小可作为抗旱性鉴定的二级指标;其余指标可作为抗旱性鉴定的三级指标.     

美国白蛾各虫态发育历期试验观察

在恒温25℃、相对湿度75%,光照周期L∶D=16∶8条件下,观察美国白蛾各生态发育历期,结果显示,饲喂杨树叶片处理的各虫态平均历期为:幼虫期24.6～25.3d;蛹期12.3～19.0d;羽化-交尾1.8～2.5d;交尾-产卵期1.8～3.3d;产卵-孵化期8.0～8.5d。饲喂杨树叶片较饲喂家蚕饲料和924-1利于缩短美国白蛾发育周期和增加产卵量。     

耦合土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数在山东省冬小麦产量动态

利用山东省1981-2011年历年冬小麦生育期及产量资料、14个气象站点的逐日气象资料、1992-2011年冬小麦生长季逐旬20cm土壤墒情资料,分别构建考虑和不考虑土壤墒情的冬小麦不同生长阶段的气候适宜度指数计算模型,通过与气象产量进行相关和回归分析,建立了基于两种气候适宜度指数的3-5月逐旬产量动态预报模型,并进行历史回代检验和动态外推预报。结果表明：考虑土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数能够更客观地反映山东省冬小麦生长期间气象条件和土壤水分对其产量形成的影响,构建的气候适宜度指数与冬小麦气象产量的相关系数均通过0.01水平的显著性检验,相关性高于不考虑土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数。产量动态预报模型对1992-2009年历史回代检验的平均准确率均在95.0%以上,标准化均方根误差RMSE均小于6%。对2010-2011年外推预报准确率最高达99.4%,最低为95.4%,说明预报准确率较高,建立的产量动态预报模型可以在业务上推广应用。     

The effects of the dietary biotin on zebrafish Danio rerio reproduction

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary biotin on zebrafish Danio rerio reproduction. Biotin and avidin (biotin antagonist) were added to two isonitrogenous and isocaloric purified diets to provide molar avidin:biotin ratios of 0:1 (biotin‐sufficient diet) and 120:0 (biotin‐unsufficient diet). Each diet was fed to a group of males mean initial mass 0.262 g) and a group of females (mean initial mass 0.285 g) for 99 days. Following this feeding period, males fed biotin‐sufficient diet exhibited higher gonado‐somatic index, sperm density, sperm motility and sperm viability than those fed biotin‐unsufficient diet (P < 0.05). In the presence of biotin‐sufficient males, biotin‐sufficient females spawned more eggs (222.2 eggs) than biotin‐deficient females (18.8 eggs) (P < 0.05). The same pattern was observed with biotin‐deficient males (7.6 vs. 1.8 eggs) (P < 0.05). Biotin‐sufficient males generated a higher percentage of fertilized eggs (90% vs. 42%), hatching rate (62% vs. 27%), larvae survival (98% vs. 37%) and larvae length at 7 days post fertilization (4.4 mm vs. 4.2 mm) than biotin‐deficient males (P < 0.05) . Biotin status of the male is of high consideration for successful breeding in zebrafish, because it significantly impacts the reproductive performances of the female.     

芝麻苗期抗茎点枯病鉴定技术研究

研究通过组织分离法从河南省芝麻主产区分离到5 株病原菌,并进一步进行回接鉴定和分子鉴定;通过比较不同消毒剂和消毒时间优化芝麻种子消毒技术;采用最佳消毒技术消毒芝麻种子,在MS培养基上培养无菌苗;5 株病原菌通过菌饼法对12 份芝麻种质资源无菌苗进行抗性鉴定。为芝麻直接生产应用筛选抗性品种,为抗病育种发掘抗性资源。结果表明,5 株病原菌均为芝麻茎点枯病病原菌菜豆壳球孢（Macrophomina phaseolina）;用2% NaClO消毒20 min,获得芝麻无菌苗的效果最好;菌饼法鉴定无菌苗苗期抗性,12 份资源对5 株M.phaseolina 的反应型均不同,只有ZZM0905 和ZZM1205 对5 株病原菌均表现抗病,并且抗性比较稳定。     

Performance of Three Adelphocoris spp.（Hemiptera： Miridae） on Flowering and Non-flowering Cotton and Alfalfa

The genus Adelphocoris（Hemiptera： Miridae） is a group of key insect pests in cotton fields in China that includes three dominant species： A. suturalis（Jakovlev）, A. lineolatus（Goeze） and A. fasciaticollis（Reuter）. Previous field surveys have found that adults of these Adelphocoris species usually move onto specific host plants when the plants enter the flowering stage. To determine the potential trade-offs for this host-plant preference behavior, the performance of these three Adelphocoris spp. on flowering and non-flowering cotton and alfalfa were compared in the laboratory. The results showed that Adelphocoris spp. had significantly higher nymphal developmental and survival rates, along with increased adult longevity and fecundity on flowering cotton and alfalfa than on non-flowering plants of either species. In addition, compared with cotton plants, alfalfa generally promoted better performance of these three Adelphocoris species, especially for A. lineolatus. Simple correlation analysis indicated that female adult longevity was positively correlated to male adult longevity and female fecundity, and female fecundity was positively correlated to nymphal development and survival rates. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between adult preference and offspring/adult performance for all three Adelphocoris species, with no evidence of any trade-offs for this preference for flowering host plants. These findings support the hypothesis that hemimetabolous insects such as mirid bugs have positive adult preference-adult/nymphal performance relationships, which is likely due to the similar feeding habits and nutritional requirements of adults and nymphs.     

两个品系雁荡土鸡父母代繁殖性能研究

通过对两个品系雁荡土鸡父母代的产蛋性能、蛋品质和孵化性能进行为期365 d的跟踪测定,并分析其繁殖能力,结果表明：　Ⅰ系雁荡土鸡年产蛋量220枚,平均蛋重4642 g,蛋形指数129,产蛋年平均产蛋率6027%,受精率923%,受精蛋孵化率932%;Ⅱ系雁荡土鸡年产蛋量217枚,平均蛋重4532 g,蛋形指数125,产蛋年平均产蛋率5945%,受精率916%,受精蛋孵化率919%。两品系间繁殖性能差异不显著。与其他品种比对,雁荡土鸡产蛋性能显著低于专门化蛋鸡品种,但略高于灵昆鸡、仙居鸡等蛋肉兼用型同类品种,且蛋品质与孵化性能均处于较高水平。