分阶段SO2缓释剂处理结合冰温对龙眼贮藏效果的影响

以'石硖'龙眼Dimocarpus longan Lour.'Shixia'为材料,研究了分阶段SO2缓释剂处理结合冰温贮藏技术对龙眼果实的贮藏效果.结果表明:与3 ℃对照果实相比,分阶段SO2缓释剂结合冰温贮藏技术提高了果皮的h值,改善了果皮色泽,降低了果实呼吸强度,显著抑制了果皮PPO活性,提高了果皮细胞膜透性,贮藏48 d好果率为91.15%,较好地维持了果肉品质和维生素C(Vc)、可滴定酸(TA)和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量,与直接SO2缓释剂结合冰温贮藏技术相比,该技术显著降低了果肉SO2残留量.     

拔节-孕穗期淹涝胁迫对水稻生长的后效影响

为探究每年7-8月（拔节-孕穗期）洪涝淹没对水稻生长的后效影响,以Ⅱ优898为试验对象,在安徽新马桥农水试验站开展为期2 a的水稻淹涝胁迫试验。试验设置了具有不同淹水深度（半淹、3/4淹、全淹）和淹水持续时间（5、7、9 d）组合的9个试验组,以及正常控水的对照组。在淹水胁迫结束后,对后胁迫时期水稻的叶片光合特性、根系生长情况、植株干物质分配和相应产量进行了多次观测。结果表明,淹涝胁迫在一定程度上抑制了叶片气孔导度和光合速率,但在胁迫解除后会逐渐恢复甚至出现补偿现象,其恢复进程受前期淹涝程度影响。淹涝胁迫使水稻的干物质分配策略更倾向于叶和茎,并随着前期淹涝程度加重而愈发明显;在复水后第20天,半淹组的平均茎叶干物质分配系数相比于对照组增加了7.9%,而全淹组则增加了32.9%。水稻产量与其在后胁迫时期的茎叶干物质分配系数存在显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.875（P=0.023）;水稻产量随着茎叶干物质分配系数的增加、叶片气孔导度和光合速率的减小而减少。该研究针对拔节-孕穗期发生的淹涝胁迫,重点对后胁迫时期水稻的光合特性及干物质分配策略进行了分析,初步探讨了水稻涝害减产的潜在机理,为提出稻田涝后减灾管理措施提供了一定的理论依据。     

不同种类蔬菜幼苗对铅的敏感性研究

采用水培方法,探讨了小白菜（叶菜类）、黄瓜、豇豆（瓜果类）和萝卜（根茎类）幼苗对重金属Pb的吸收累积量大小及Pb对其幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,蔬菜幼苗根和茎叶累积Pb量均随Pb处理浓度的增加而显著增加（P〈0.05）,且同一处理浓度下根中Pb含量远高于茎叶中Pb含量。蔬菜苗期根对Pb的敏感性排序为黄瓜〉小白菜〉萝卜〉豇豆,茎叶为小白菜〉萝卜〉黄瓜〉豇豆。低浓度的Pb对叶绿素的合成有一定程度的刺激作用,随Pb浓度增加,叶片中叶绿素含量降低。小白菜过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量随着Pb浓度的增大先增大后缓慢降低,其他3种蔬菜则表现为先减小后增大的趋势。此外,黄瓜和豇豆出芽率显著降低,4种蔬菜幼苗根长均明显受到抑制。     

Impact of Boron Deficiency on Changes in Biochemical Attributes,Yield, and Seed Reserves in Chickpea

To determine the effect of boron (B) deficiency on biomass, reproductive yield, metabolism, and alterations in seed reserves of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ‘13.G‐256,’ plants were grown in refined sand until maturity at deficient (0.033 mg L^?1) and adequate (0.33 mg L^?1) B, supplied as boric acid (H₃BO₃). Boron‐deficient plants exhibited visible deficiency symptoms in addition to reduced number of pods and seeds, resulting in lowered biomass and economic yield. Boron deficiency lowered the concentration of B in leaves and seeds, photosynthetic pigments (leaves), Hill reaction activity, starch (in leaves and seeds), and proteins and protein N (in seeds), whereas phenols, sugars (in leaves and seeds), and nonprotein N (in seeds) were elevated. Specific activity of peroxidase (POX) increased in leaves and pod wall and decreased in seeds, while activity of acid phosphate and ribonuclease were stimulated in leaves, seeds, and pod wall in B‐deficient chickpea.     

Effects of Irrigation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Yield and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Soil

Water and nitrogen (N) are considered the most important factors affecting rice production and play vital roles in regulating soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. The effects of irrigation patterns and N fertilizer levels on the soil microbial community structure and yield of paddy rice were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was designed with four N levels of 0 (N0), 126 (N1), 157.5 (N2), and 210 kg N ha-1 (N3) under two irrigation patterns of continuous water-logging irrigation (WLI) and water-controlled irrigation (WCI). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was conducted to track the dynamics of soil microbial communities at tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that the maximums of grain yield, above-ground biomass, and total N uptake were all obtained in the N2 treatment under WCI. Similar variations in total PLFAs, as well as bacterial and fungal PLFAs, were found, with an increase from the tillering to the grain-filling stage and a decrease at the maturity stage except for actinomycetic PLFAs, which decreased continuously from the tillering to the maturity stage. A shift in composition of the microbial community at different stages of the plant growth was indicated by principal component analysis (PCA), in which the samples at the vegetative stage (tillering stage) were separated from those at the reproductive stage (grain-filling and maturity stages). Soil microbial biomass, measured as total PLFAs, was significantly higher under WCI than that under WLI mainly at the grain-filling stage, whereas the fungal PLFAs detected under WCI were significantly higher than those under WLI at the tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The application of N fertilizer also significantly increased soil microbial biomass and the main microbial groups both under WLI and WCI conditions. The proper combination of irrigation management and N fertilizer level in this study was the N2 (157.5 kg N ha-1) treatment under the water-controlled irrigation pattern.     

A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF SALT TOLERANCE IN CAULIFLOWER （Brassica oleracea L. vat. botrytis L. ） DURING GERMINATION STAGE

以98份花椰菜自交系资源为试材,测定了盐胁迫下种子的发芽率（GP）、发芽势（GR）、发芽指数（GI）、活力指数（VI）、苗高（SH）和根长（RL）等指标的耐盐系数,采用隶属函数法进行了耐盐性的综合评价。结果表明：花椰菜种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱评价结果受多个指标的影响。运用模糊数学隶属函数法,并赋予测定指标以相应的权重,计算出种质材料耐盐性强弱的综合评价D值,对98份种质材料耐盐性的强弱进行了综合评价和排序。综合评价D值与GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的耐盐系数隶属函数值的相关性均迭极显著水平（r=0．910^＊＊、0．921^＊＊、0．955^＊＊、0．972^＊＊、0．585^＊＊、0．686^＊＊）,综合评价D值可以全面反映供试种质材料的耐盐性。分别对综合评价D值、GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的隶属函数值进行聚类分析比较,发现GR、GI、VI、RL可以作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标,而GP、SH不宜直接作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标。基于综合评价D值聚类分析,可以将98份种质材料的耐盐性分为强、中、弱、差四大群类,其中有7份材料属于强耐盐性群类的种质,可供花椰菜耐盐性品种选育改良利用及耐盐性机制、耐盐遗传机理等方面研究。     

低温对早稻幼穗分化期叶片生理特性的影响及其与产量的关系

为了探讨低温("小满寒")对早稻幼穗分化期水稻叶片生理特性及产量性状的影响,本研究以30℃/25℃为对照,利用人工气候室进行试验,研究低温(22℃/17℃)下水稻叶片的生理生化变化特征,并分析其与产量之间的灰色关联度。结果表明,随低温处理时间的延长,水稻光合色素呈先上升后下降趋势,并在处理后4 d达最大值。水稻光响应曲线的最大光合速率、光饱和点及光能初始利用效率均随着低温胁迫时间的增加逐渐下降,而光补偿点则呈上升趋势。在荧光参数方面,光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ电子传递效率(ETR)及PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)呈先下降后上升的趋势,而非光化学淬灭系数(qN)则随着胁迫时间的延长于处理6 d达最大值。叶片SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而CAT活性随着胁迫时间的延长逐渐下降。另外,水稻产量、穗长、结实率、成穗率及千粒重等均随低温处理时间的延长而减少。通过灰色关联度分析各个性状与产量之间的关联度,依次为每穗实粒穗长二次枝梗数一次枝梗数千粒重CAT活性,且其关联度均大于1。CAT活性、光能初始利用效率、光饱和点、ETR、Fv/Fm及叶绿素a/叶绿素b等生理生化指标也与产量关联度较高,可作为低温影响下产量评价与估算的指标。     

乳熟阶段短期高温对不同品种早籼稻直链淀粉含量和RVA谱特征参数的影响

以2个杂交稻（淦鑫203和金优402）和4个常规稻（中531、B670、E134和ST66）为材料,于水稻乳熟期进行高温处理3d,处理温度分别为35℃和38℃,以同期田间自然温度为对照,研究乳熟期高温对不同品种早籼稻直链淀粉含量和RVA谱特征参数的影响,并对稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值与直链淀粉含量进行相关分析.结果表明,无论是对照还是高温处理,中531和B670的直链淀粉含量、消减值及回复值较低,但崩解值较高,而E134和ST66表现为直链淀粉含量、消减值及回复值较高,崩解值较低;杂交稻淦鑫203和金优402则介于两者中间.与对照相比,38℃高温显著降低淦鑫203、金优402、中531和E134的崩解值,显著提高淦鑫203、中531的消减值、显著降低金优402、中531、B670和E134的回复值.各处理淀粉RVA谱变化趋势较一致,但因品种及温度而略有差异.38℃高温处理下稻米淀粉黏滞性曲线始终低于对照,但常规稻中531和B670的RVA谱形态与对照差异不大.此外,稻米直链淀粉含量与RVA谱各特征值间存在显著相关性.     

灌浆结实期高温对水稻剑叶生理特性和稻米品质的影响

以水稻耐热品系996和热敏感品系4628为材料,在灌浆结实期利用人工气候室进行高温处理（9：00-17：00,37℃,17：00-翌日9：00,30℃）和适温处理（CK,9：00-17：00,30℃,17：00-翌日9：00,25℃）22d,研究高温胁迫对水稻剑叶光合特性、膜透性、抗氧化酶活性及稻米品质的影响,并进行对比分析.结果表明：（1）灌浆结实期高温胁迫下水稻剑叶叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b和净光合速率均降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性表现出胁迫初期升高,高温处理5d后,随胁迫时间延长呈降低趋势,热敏感品系4628剑叶中叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性下降幅度大于耐热品系996;（2）高温下剑叶丙二醛（MDA）含量上升,相对电导率增加,热敏感品系4628增加幅度大于耐热品系996;（3）高温胁迫下垩白粒率和垩白度显著增加,精米率和整精米率显著降低,直链淀粉含量降低,蛋白质含量增加.灌浆结实期高温胁迫下,水稻功能叶抗氧化酶活性降低,膜透性增加,光合能力及光合产物的运输与卸载能力下降,可能是稻米品质降低的重要原因.     

基于HJ-1CCD遥感影像的西双版纳橡胶种植区提取

利用橡胶林第一蓬叶变色-稳定期环境遥感影像作为遥感信息源,根据橡胶林这一时期特有的影像特征,通过监督分类方法实现对西双版纳橡胶种植分布区信息的提取,解决了监督分类时树龄、品种和耕作制度造成的光谱差异问题;监督分类前利用NDVI阈值对非提取目标进行剔除,有效减少了分类数和工作量.分析表明,本次提取精度达到97.6％,较好地反映了西双版纳橡胶种植分布情况,同时对国产卫星的推广应用具有良好的示范作用.