健全质量管理体系 保证蚕种检验检疫质量

阐述了浙江省蚕种质量检验检疫站质量管理体系的构建与运行实效,对确保全省蚕种质量的作用。     

Genetic analyses of piglet survival and individual birth weight on first generation data of a selection experiment for piglet survival under outdoor conditions

Genetic parameters of piglet survival traits and birth weight were estimated on the first generation data of a selection experiment aimed at improving piglet survival using a multiple trait linear and threshold model. Data on 5293 piglets for survival at birth, at day one after birth and during the entire nursing period, as well as individual birth weight and litter size, were recorded in an outdoor production system. Genetic effects of piglet survival traits and birth weight were estimated based on threshold and Gaussian models, respectively, using a Bayesian approach. The statistical model included as fixed effects selection group, parity, gender, fostering, gestation length and month of farrowing and, alternatively, an adjustment for litter size. Direct genetic effects (i.e. the piglet's genetic potential) for piglet survival and birth weight were estimated separately, whereas maternal genetic and environmental effects could only be estimated for the given data structure in a combined litter effect. Posterior means of heritabilities for direct genetic effects of survival at birth, at first day after birth and the entire nursing period, as well as birth weight, were 0.08, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.20, respectively. Genetic correlations among survival traits were in the range of 0.29 to 0.40 and indicate that these traits were mainly attributable to different genetic effects. Genetic correlations between direct effects of survival traits and birth weight ranged between 0.18 and 0.23 and were reduced when weights of stillborn piglets were omitted in the analysis or the traits were adjusted for litter size. The magnitudes of direct genetic effects of survival traits are substantially higher than estimates in the literature, which may indicate that these traits have a higher genetic influence under outdoor conditions. The use of birth weight in the multiple trait estimation provided important information for the estimation of survival traits due to its favourable genetic correlations with survival, its high heritability and its high information content as a continuously measured trait.     

禁牧休牧监管立法的分析与探讨

禁牧休牧已成为保护和培育生态植被的一种主要方式,是遏制草原荒漠化的有效手段。相对于禁牧休牧的制度需求,其监管立法却存在诸多问题需要完善,本文从立法层级、监管体制、法律责任等方面分析了禁牧休牧监管立法中存在的问题,着重论述其完善途径,并提出了相应的立法建议。     

中国河西走廊草地农业的基本格局和它的系统相悖─—草原退化的机理初探─—

河西走廊的草地资源位于西北荒漠的大背景中，由山地、荒漠和绿洲三个子系统构成，其中荒漠子系统居主导地位，具有先天的脆弱性。它们在人为干预下，在自然生态系统的农业化过程中，发生了山地一绿洲一荒漠组成的耦合农业系统。由于耦合不够完善，它所固有的相悖因素未能有效控制，形成涵有系列相悖因子群的系统相悖。主要表现为时间相悖，空间相悖和种间相悖。三者互相影响，但时间相悖起主导作用，使系统的生态危机加剧。它通常表现为草原退化。对草地农业生态系统的自由能的调控，保持自由能的积累和输出基本相当，是防止草原退化的根本出路。草原退化是草地对于草食动物压迫的对策系统和动物对于草地负荷行为的对策系统的综合反映。放牧程度可以作为草原退化过程的向量系统，但不是草原退化的本质。     

Evaluation of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System? in Surgery for Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Heavy Draft Horses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the canine cranial cruciate ligament repair system on laryngeal hemiplegia in heavy draft horses. Twenty-four heavy draft horses diagnosed with grade 4 laryngeal hemiplegia were allocated to either the prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) group (n=14) or a canine cranial cruciate ligament repair system (CCCLRS) group (n=10). Right to left angle quotients (RLQs) of abductions of the arytenoid cartilages were endoscopically evaluated before and after surgery. Post-operative RLQs in the CCCLRS group were significantly lower than those of the PL group (P<0.01). The canine cranial cruciate ligament repair system was revealed to be a good surgical procedure for laryngeal hemiplegia in heavy draft horses.     

独立学院专科人才培养模式探析——从武汉理工大学华夏学院专科人才培养方式分析

发展独立学院,是我国高等教育作为一种混合公共产品的改革与发展过程中的一项重大探索。在新形势下指导独立学院的建设,就是要结合独立学院自身建设和发展的特点,坚持以质量为本的原则,务求以教育教学改革的创新解决独立学院建设与发展过程中遇到的一系列问题和困难。文中以武汉理工大学华夏学院专科人才的培养方式为个案,尝试探索一条新形势下独立学院培养技术型、应用型、务实型专科人才的道路。     

论我国侦查监督权运行规则体系存在的问题及重建

我国检察机关通过行使侦查监督权,努力纠正侦查中的违法行为,有效地维护了被害人、犯罪嫌疑人等各方当事人的正当权益,为确保司法公正、维护社会秩序发挥了应有的作用。然而,目前我国侦查监督权的运行仍存在着许多缺陷和问题,其中既有立法的不完善,也有具体制度的缺陷和实际操作中的问题。因此,有必要重新构建我国侦查监督权运行规则体系,从而使侦查监督机制发挥应有的功效。     

Case of suspected theobromine poisoning in dairy cattle

High-yielding dairy cows collapsed and died displaying signs of a disturbed central nervous system (muscle tremor, convulsion) and a considerably reduced body condition score. An intense diagnostic screening did not allow to confirm a definite diagnosis. Therefore, further analyses including an evaluation of feeds and feeding were initiated. The herd was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on corn and grass silage of moderate nutritive value supplemented with various amounts of chocolate chips. In retrospect, the amount of chocolate chips added to the respective TMR batches could not be quantified. These chips were purchased from a company producing bakery and chocolate products for human consumption and added to the silage and therefore to the TMR in order to increase the energy intake of the animals. Because the TMR, which was fed during the time of the incidence, was no longer available, a sample of a later batch of silage was examined. The amount of chocolate chips was quantified (0.44% per fresh matter), and a theobromine analysis was performed in the chocolate chips of the available batch (69.7 mg/100 g fresh matter). Because of the possible link between chocolate intake and observed signs, an immediate cessation of using the chocolate chips was recommended in addition to an optimisation of the TMR, that is an increase of the energy density. Even though the theobromine intake during the time of the incidence is unknown and information about toxicity of theobromine in ruminants is limited, we suspect that the feeding of chocolate in this case caused all signs including the sudden death of the cows. Further reasons are that no differential diagnoses were established and the problems at the farm stopped after removing the chocolate from the TMR.     

基于机器视觉的饲料生产智能包装系统设计与应用研究

为提高饲料生产订单的包装效率、智能化程度、降低包装成本,文章基于机器视觉,从硬件选择与软件设计两个层面设计饲料生产智能包装系统.采用AutoMod软件对饲料生产智能包装系统进行仿真试验,检验整个包装系统效果.结果表明,该智能包装系统包装效率高、关键设备利用率高、系统可靠性、可行性良好.     

10个大黍品种在滇南的适应性及其评价

于2006年对10个大黍(Panicum maximum)品种的生产性能和品质特性进行区域试验研究,旨在筛选出适宜于热带、亚热带地区种植的高产、优质牧草,以期为热区畜牧业的持续发展提供依据。结果表明,1）所引种牧草的存活率、越冬率都在94%以上,说明所引种牧草的适应性强;2）除TD 58坚尼草、坦桑尼亚大黍和热研8号坚尼草感染了叶锈病以外,其他牧草的抗病虫害能力均较强;3）种植第1年,坦桑尼亚大黍干物质产量最高,为45.33 t·hm-2,与MG 7 Aries大黍、MG 6 Atlas大黍、蒙巴萨大黍、热研8号坚尼草、热研9号坚尼草和TD 58坚尼草之间差异不显著;4）选择干草产量、粗蛋白、适口性和抗逆性作为综合评价供试品种优劣的指标,用灰色关联法评价牧草,结果表明,蒙巴萨大黍、坦桑尼亚大黍、热研8号坚尼草、MG 6 Atlas大黍和TD 58坚尼草居前5位,它们属高产、质优、适口性好、抗性强的高产优质牧草品种。