非会计专业《会计学》课程教学方法刍议

目前,许多高校非会计专业都将《会计学》课程作为一门专业必修的基础课程。结合多年的非会计专业会计教学经验,笔者认为根据专业特点,采用灵活多样的教学方法是实现非会计专业《会计学》课程教学目标,提高《会计学》教学效果的重要手段。     

油菜籽来源抗氧化物质研究进展

油菜籽中含有多种具有抗氧化活性的物质，为抵御机体的氧化损伤起到了积极作用。本文综述了油菜籽来源的诸多抗氧化活性成分及抗氧化活性的评价方法。油菜籽主要的抗氧化成分有肽类、多酚类、多糖类、生育酚和其它抗氧化成分，其中的肽类主要有三种产生方式：非消化酶酶解、消化酶酶解和发酵。针对油菜籽来源的活性物质抗氧化活性的评价方法，包括体外测定方法（化学检测）和细胞内抗氧化实验和动物实验。综述还探讨了油菜籽抗氧化活性成分研究中存在的问题和解决方法，旨在为油菜籽活性成分的开发和利用提供参考。     

光对园艺植物花青素生物合成的调控作用

花青素是植物中一类重要的类黄酮化合物,在植物花朵、果实等器官色泽形成和抗氧化过程中起着重要作用。植物组织中花青素的形成依赖于光信号,但是光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机制及信号网络很大程度上还不清晰。本文简述了花青素生物合成及运转过程的研究进展,简要归纳了MYB、bHLH、WDR三类主要因子对花青素合成的转录调控作用,重点阐释光信号（光强、光质、光照时长）对植物花青素合成的调控作用。研究表明,光环境（光强、光质、光照时长）主要通过不同的光受体（UVR8、CRYs、PHOTs、PHYs）影响光信号通路重要因子COP1的泛素化能力和HY5的稳定性,以及其他光信号转录因子如光敏色素互作因子PIFs的稳定性,进而调控花青素的生物合成过程。这些光信号因子一方面直接结合到调控花青素合成的MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子上,转录激活或抑制它们的表达进而调控花青素的合成;另一方面,这些光信号因子通过与MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子蛋白互作,影响它们形成的MBW复合体稳定性,进而调控花青素的合成。此外,这些光信号因子还可以通过不依赖于MBW复合体的通路调控花青素的合成,如HY5通过调控miR858影响花青素的生物合成;另外,一些未知的光响应因子可能以不依赖MBW通路的方式直接或间接地调控花青素合成基因和液泡膜上的运转蛋白,改变液泡酸化,调节花青素的合成。同时,光信号会影响光合电子传递,光合电子传递链中的一些因子也会通过依赖和不依赖MBW的途径影响植物花青素的合成。这些途径如何协调以及哪些信号因子优先受光环境（光强、光质、光照时间）调控?本文为深入研究光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机理提供参考,以探索光调控花青素积累的有效途径及靶标分子,为利用基因工程、代谢工程和光环境调控手段改良园艺植物花青素积累提供理论基础。     

芋田斜纹夜蛾重发生原因及防控措施

分析了近年来清流县芋田斜纹夜蛾重发原因,并针对其发生与危害特点,提出加强测报工作,开展农业防治、诱杀防治及化学防治等治理防控。     

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

甜樱桃不同砧穗组合成花调控关键基因表达差异研究

为了研究甜樱桃(Prunus avium)成花调控关键基因在不同砧穗组合中表达差异,以甜樱桃‘艳阳’(Sunburst)为接穗,‘ZY-1’(P.cerasus)、马哈利(P.mahaleb)和‘兰丁2号’(P.avium × P.pseudocerasus)为砧木的嫁接组合为试材,调查统计4年干龄不同砧穗组合的总花芽量及开花情况;克隆甜樱桃成花调控网络中EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3)、CONSTANS(CO)、FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)等9个关键作用基因,并利用实时荧光定量PCR对不同砧穗组合接穗的幼叶、叶芽、成龄叶、花芽、叶芽附近叶片叶柄及花芽附近叶片叶柄中这些基因的表达量鉴定。结果显示,艳阳/ZY-1、艳阳/马哈利和艳阳/兰丁2号组合的平均单株花芽量分别为279、288和317朵,不存在明显差异,但不同组合的花期却明显不同,当艳阳/马哈利有72%花芽处于开放期时,艳阳/兰丁2号的花开放比例只有7%,艳阳/ZY-1的花开放比例为49%;此外,PaELF3、PaCO、PaFT等9个成花关键基因,在同一时期不同砧穗组合的接穗组织中表达量存在差异,其中PaAP1在不同砧穗组合的花芽中表达模式与花期规律一致,表明PaAP1与樱桃花期调控密切相关。     

Genome-edited crops: how to move them from laboratory to market

Recent breakthroughs in CRISPR technology allow specific genome manipulation of almost all crops and have initiated a revolution in precision crop breeding. Rationally-based regulation and widespread public acceptance are needed to propel genome-edited crops from laboratory to market and to translate this innovative technology into agricultural productivity.     

硒对母猪氧化应激及其后代抗氧化能力的营养调控研究

硒作为的重要微量元素之一,可以通过胎盘和乳组织进行转移。仔猪可以从乳汁中获取硒源,提高硒含量,进而提高仔猪的初生重。同时,硒也能够调节母猪妊娠期间代谢速度,控制妊娠期自由基产生,进而提高胎盘输送营养功能。文章从母猪氧化应激体系角度来解析硒对母猪妊娠期氧化应激的调控机制、硒对哺乳母猪生产性能的调控作用。     

Advances on Detection Methods for Residues of Nitrofurans in Food

Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum antibiotics which have been widely used in food animals to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.Due to abuse of drugs by criminals,animals could produce drug-resistant strains,which reduces the role of antibiotics.Meanwhile,excessive drugs residues in food has carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to the human body.In this paper,the damage and the detection methods of the residues of the nitrofurans in food are surveyed.The main detection methods include high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunoassay,colloidal gold immunoassay and fluorescence immunity analysis method.The research status of various detection methods are summarized and the suggestions for further research are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for future research.