水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌中与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌致病因子调控基因(rpf 基因)同源基因的分子克隆

DNA-DNA 杂交结果表明,水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌总 DNA 中存在着与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌致病因子调控基因(rpf 基因)具有同源性的 DNA 外段.应用广谱性寄主载体pLAFRI,在大肠杆菌中建立了水稻白叶枯病黄单胞菌野生型菌株 T3000的基因文库.从文库中筛选到与 rpf 基因具有同源性的克隆 pGXN3000,将重组质粒 pGXN3000通过三亲本接合转入甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌 rpf 基因突变体,发现 pGXN3000能互补甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌 rpf突变体,恢复其致病性胞外酶和胞外多糖的产生及致病性.转座子 Tn5诱变,缺失分析及DNA-DNA 杂交实验结果表明,重组质粒 pGXN3000中确实含有与甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌编码。双组份调控系统”蛋白的 rpfC 基因功能相同的基因,此基因被定位于 pGXN3000中的3kb BamHl 片段中。     

田林老山南坡森林植被的生态学研究 Ⅰ.森林植被主要类型和分布

田林老山南坡位于桂西北田林县境,主峰海拔2062.5m,面积约350km~2。该区木本植物79科210属452种。其植物区系特点为:区系成分起源古老,特有种较多,成分复杂,地理替代和垂直带替代明显,热带、亚热带性质强。主要森林类型有:杜鹃、吊钟、红果树等组成的山顶矮林;稠、栲、木荷、木莲、水青冈、枫香等组成的常绿落叶阔叶混交林;栲、石栎、楠、润楠、茶等组成的常绿阔叶林;桦木、马尾树、拟赤杨、枫香、桤木、栋、山柳等组成的次生落叶阔叶林;黄杞、浆果楝、扁担杆、水锦树等组成的常绿阔叶灌丛;山柳、南烛、木姜子等组成的落叶阔叶灌丛;平脉椆、红荷木、海南蒲桃等组成的谷地常绿、半常绿阔叶林;细叶云南松、矩鳞油杉等组成的南亚热带针叶林;以及人工栽培的松、杉等组成的亚热带针叶林。森林植被垂直带谱是:海拔250～800m,南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林带(由于人为干扰剧烈,已消失);海拔800～1500m,山地常绿阔叶林带;海拔l500～1900m,常绿落叶阔叶混交林带;海拔1900m以上,山顶矮林带。     

饲粮高剂量铜对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用６周龄肉用三黄鸡公１２０只,随机分为４个小组,每组２个重复,每个重复１５只。饲粮处理为：１组为对照组,喂实用玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮;２,３和４组饲粮分别为在基础饲粮中添加硫酸铜形成的铜６２．５,１２５和２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验期４２ｄ。结果表明：试验最初２同效果显著,与对照组比较,２,３和４组鸡体增重分别提高３．５８％（ｐ〉０．０５）,１１．７％（ｐ〈０．０５）和１６．１６％（ｐ〈０．０１）,     

Frog communities and wetland condition: relationships with grazing by domestic livestock along an Australian floodplain river

Frogs are in decline worldwide, and are known to be sensitive indicators of environmental change. Floodplains of the Murray-Darling Basin in southeastern Australia have been altered in many ways by livestock grazing, by the introduction of exotic fish, and by changes to flooding regimes. These changes have led to declines in wetland condition and hence to the availability of habitat for wetland frogs. This study examined relationships between frogs, wetland condition and livestock grazing intensity at 26 wetlands on the floodplain of the Murrumbidgee River. Frog communities, species richness, and some individual species of frogs declined with increased grazing intensity. Wetland condition also declined with increased grazing intensity, particularly the aquatic vegetation and water quality components. There were clear relationships between frog communities and wetland condition, with several taxa responding to aquatic and fringing vegetation components of wetland condition. Thus, grazing intensity appeared to influence frog communities through changes in wetland habitat quality, particularly the vegetation. Reduced stocking rates may result in improved wetland condition and more diverse frog communities. River management to provide natural seasonal inundation of floodplain wetlands may also enhance wetland condition, frog activity and reproductive success.     

利用ECMWF再分析数据验证PRECIS对中国区域气候的模拟能力

本文利用1979～1983年的ECMWF再分析数据作为准观测侧边界条件驱动Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，验证PRECIS对中国区域的气候模拟能力。选择典型的观测站点北京模拟的日最高，最低气温、太阳短波总辐射和月均降水量与观测结果进行直接比较，显示：PRECIS具有很强的模拟地面气候季节变化的能力。全国740个台站的观测与模拟值的统计分析表明：尽管模拟的最高，最低气温在0℃附近有一‘锯齿’状的偏差，PRECIS能够很好地模拟全国范围最高，最低气温的型态分布特征；从全国范围看，模拟的降水值偏高，但显示出很强的模拟极端降水事件的能力；模拟的地面太阳短波总辐射与全国122个台站的观测结果的比较显示：PRECIS模拟的辐射值偏高，全国范围内约高22％。因此，当应用PRECIS输出结果进行气候变化的影响评价时，需要对模式的输出结果进行订正。     

不同液土比和温度条件下塿土铵离子吸附

Effects of NH₄⁺ concentration, solution/soil ratio and temperature on NH₄⁺ adsorption were studied in a Eum-Orthic Anthrosol. The slopes of the soil NH₄⁺ adsorption isotherms and the fitted n, the coefficient for the adsorption intensity, and k, the coefficient related to adsorption capacity, of the Freundlich equation increased with increasing solution/soil ratio (SSR) and with decreasing temperature (T). For the range of experimental conditions, the value of ∂q/∂c, the rate of change of the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed in the soil solid phase (q) with respect to the equilibrium concentration of NH₄⁺ in soil solution (c), was 0.840, indicating that q increased with increasing c. From 2 to 45 ℃, ∂q/∂SSR, the rate of change of q with respect to SSR, decreased from 2.598 to 1.996, showing that q increased with increasing SSR, while its increasing rate decreased with temperature. From SSR 1:1 to 20:1, ∂q/∂T, the rate of change of q with respect to T, decreased from -0.095 to -0.361, indicating that q decreased with increasing temperature, and at the same time the negative effect of temperature became larger as SSR increased. Thus under the experimental conditions the order of importance in determining the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed in the soil solid phase was ∂q/∂SSR > ∂q/∂c > |∂q/∂T|, indicating that the greatest effect on the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed was with the solution/soil ratio; the equilibrium concentration of NH₄⁺ had a lesser effect; and temperature had the least effect.     

Predictions of soil water and crop growth dynamics using the agroecosystem models THESEUS and OPUS

The agroecosystem models THESEUS and OPUS were tested with data obtained from three agricultural experimental field plots on sandy soils without groundwater located at the moraine landscape in East Brandenburg, Germany. At each of these plots, a separate agricultural management practice was applied. Measurements of soil water contents, pressure heads, above‐ground crop biomass, and crop yield from these three plots were compared with the corresponding simulation results of both models. The comparisons of simulated with measured outputs were analyzed using the modeling‐efficiency index IA. According to these analyses, both models simulated adequately the time courses of volumetric soil water contents and above‐ground crop biomass, but the time courses of pressure heads were predicted with a lower quality by both models. As for the pressure heads, the yields simulated with both models showed greater discrepancies in comparison with the observed ones. This indicates the need of a site‐specific parameter calibration of the crop‐growth modules, especially for that included in OPUS .     

南方温室不同时段遮阳降温效果及对甜椒生长发育和产量的影响

该试验主要研究了南方温室中一天内不同时段遮阳降温效果及对甜椒生长发育及产量的影响.结果表明,各处理遮阳降温效果显著,最大降温幅度可达7℃,但不同时段及不同时间长度遮阳降温效果差异不大,有效降温和有效降温时间段基本是一致的.不同时段遮阳降温对甜椒生长发育及产量的影响差异较大,在中午1200至下午1500时间段进行遮光降温,植株净光合速率最高,叶片叶绿素含量增加,促进生殖生长,提高坐果率,甜椒前期产量和总产量显著提高.随着遮阳降温时间的段前移和延长,植株表现徒长,叶绿素含量、净光合速率及坐果率降低,产量明显降低.     

不同灌溉上限对温室黄瓜结瓜期生长动态、产量及品质的影响

对不同土壤灌溉上限处理、不同栽培季节温室黄瓜结果期生长发育动态、产量、品质及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,90%田间持水量为黄瓜结果期较适宜的节水灌溉上限指标,较100%田间持水量灌溉上限处理而言,春茬和秋茬均单瓜重增加、品质好、产量和水分利用效率高。     

何首乌组培快速繁殖技术的研究

对何首乌的组培快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明：采用MS＋6－BA1.0mg/L IBA 0.1mg/L的培养基能成功地诱导芽的分化。对于芽增殖，以MS＋6－BA 0.75mg/L IBA 0.05mg/L或MS＋6－BA 1.5mg/L IBA 0.1mg/L培养基较好，培养30d后芽增殖率可分别达到3.89和4.11。诱导生根以1／2MS＋IBA 0.5-1.25mg/L或1／2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L培养基较好，培养20d后生根率可达80．0％－86．7％。