GIS支持下的江西省水土流失生态环境风险评价

以江西省为例 ,在合理地选择对水土流失有影响的生态环境因子基础上 ,利用土壤侵蚀公式计算值 ,按环境因子对水土流失影响的危险程度 ,对各环境因子进行风险打分 ,在 ARC/ INFO中运用主成分分析方法 ,确定各环境因子的权重 ,同时选出主成分 ,把主成分与其权重相乘得到风险图 ,在 ARCVIEW下定出风险等级 ,从而对江西省的生态环境风险性作出评价     

渭北旱塬旱作节水农业示范区建设模式探讨

在对渭北旱塬水资源、气候资源、土地资源、作物资源等现状全面调查的基础上,提出了渭北旱塬旱作节水农业示范区的建设模式即高标准旱作节水基本农田建设模式、节水农业设备新建与补充模式、高效集雨节灌示范工程建设模式、抗旱节水特色品种和良种繁育引种基地建设模式、节水农业工程建设模式,并对各模式进行了综合探讨和分析。     

广西象州县霜冻发生规律及其应用对策

通过对1956－2001年45个冬季出现在象州县境内的霜冻日进行分析，找出其发生和分布规律，发现霜冻的形成与环流形势，气象因素，地形具有密切的联系，据此对象州县农业产业结构调整提出一些具体的应用对策措施。     

农业面源污染及其控制技术研究

水环境面源污染的严重性已受到国内外普遍关注，面源污染业已成为国际上水环境问题研究的活跃领域。从农业面源污染的发生机理和农业面源污染的特点出发，通过分析农业面源污染与水体环境之间的关系，探讨了农业面源污染对水环境的影响。对于面源污染的控制，最佳管理措施（BMPs）现已得到广泛应用。其中，人工湿地、前置库、缓冲带、水陆交错带、水土保持和农业生态工程等是目前研究和应用较多的农业面源污染控制技术。     

Risk assessment of nitrate pollution in groundwater based on the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity of agricultural lands in Hokkaido

(pp. 17–24)
A trial calculation was performed of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the amount of nitrogen input based on various statistical data, which were compiled from each city, town and village in Hokkaido prefecture. The relationship between the excess quantity of nitrogen, after nitrogen input, and the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity and the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of the groundwater was considered.
Environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity = nitrogen output by the crops + acceptable level of residual nitrate in the soil profile.*
^*It is calculated by the amount of nitrate precipitation evapotranspiration ×10 mg L⁻¹.

• 1) 

  The average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity in Hokkaido Prefecture was observed to be 183 kg ha⁻¹. The maximum and minimum values of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity were 308 kg ha⁻¹ and 94 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. When the average value of the environmental nitrogen-assimilation capacity with respect to main agricultural land use was compared across municipalities, it was largely in the following order · grassland (218 kg ha⁻¹), upland (169 kg ha⁻¹), and paddy land (157 kg ha⁻¹).

       

新安江、富春江区域水质变化的风险分析

通过收集整理10年的地表水环境监测资料，综合分析了钱塘江下游干流新安江和富春江区域的水质变化规律。应用斯毕曼秩次相关性检验、相关分析和方差分析，研究了两江流域内水质变化的趋势与联系，结果表明．两江流域内水质总体仍处于低风险水平，仅在部分区段和时段内出现个别项目超标。两江流域水质的主要胁迫因子均与社会经济活动有关，但尚未超出流域内环境容量容许范围，总体水质仍能满足功能区要求。说明通过合理控制污染排放，完全可能实现两江流域社会经济与环境保护协调发展。     

千岛湖底泥重金属污染的生态风险评价

水体底泥污染是世界范围内的一个环境问题,污染物通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶与冲刷等途径进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到污染。千岛湖不同监测点底泥Cu、Zn、M n、Pb、Cd、A s、Hg等重金属含量存在差异。大坝前、毛竹源和三潭岛监测点M n、A s和Hg含量较高。不同采样点,底泥重金属污染度有差异,表现为毛竹源>三潭岛>航头岛>茅头尖>大坝前>排岭水厂>街口,毛竹源测点底泥重金属污染风险最高,街口重金属污染风险最低。     

三峡库区生态农业产业化的模式与构建途径

生态农业产业化是现代农业发展的必由之路,是农业生产经营形式的突破。立足于三峡库区这一特定区域,分析了库区农业产业化发展的背景和现状,说明发展生态农业产业化是与库区生态环境与经济发展相适应的必然,在此基础上试图构建库区生态农业产业化模式,并提出保证该模式稳定高效运转的一系列措施,以协调库区人地关系,使山地生态农业系统得以可持续发展,农业产业化进程顺利进行。     

区域土地利用变化态势及其对土地可持续利用影响分析——以江苏省为例

在分析快速城市化区域土地利用变化与土地可持续利用相互作用机理的基础上,分析了江苏省土地利用结构的多样化和集中化趋势,并着重通过构建灰色系统动态模型,预测了2005年、2010年和2015年江苏土地利用结构的变化趋势,以及城市化快速发展对江苏土地可持续利用的影响。研究结果表明,2005~2015年间,江苏省土地利用结构将呈现农业用地非农化、农业用地质量退化以及土地利用效率难以快速提高、土地后备资源日趋减少等变化态势,据此,论文提出推进研究快速城市化区域土地可持续利用的政策建议,具体是:适度保护农地资源尤其是耕地资源,合理协调农业用地与非农业用地之间的相互关系,进一步完善区域土地利用政策体系以及提高科学技术对于土地资源的替代率。     

Assessment of tillage translocation and tillage erosion by hoeing on the steep land in hilly areas of Sichuan, China

Most of the tillage erosion studies have focused on the effect of tractor-plough tillage on soil translocation and soil loss. Only recently, have a few studies contributed to the understanding of tillage erosion by manual tillage. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of tillage erosion in hilly areas of the humid sub-tropics. This study on tillage erosion by hoeing was conducted on a purple soil (Regosols) of the steep land, in Jianyang County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China (30°24′N and 104°35′E) using the physical tracer method.

The effects of hoeing tillage on soil translocation on hillslopes are quite evident. The tillage transport coefficients were 26–38 kg m⁻¹ per tillage pass and 121–175 kg m⁻¹ per tillage pass respectively for k₃- and k₄-values. Given that there was a typical downslope parcel length of 15 m and two times of tillage per year in this area, the tillage erosion rates on the 4–43% hillslopes reached 48–151 Mg ha⁻¹ per year. The downslope soil translocation is closely related to slope gradient. Lateral soil translocation by such tillage is also obvious though it is lower than downslope soil translocation. Strong downslope translocation accounts for thin soil layers and the exposure of parent materials/rocks at the ridge tops and on convexities in the hilly areas. Deterioration in soil quality and therefore reduction in plant productivity due to tillage-induced erosion would be evident at the ridge tops and convex shoulders.