小麦成熟胚离体培养研究

以美国小麦品种Overley成熟胚作为外植体进行离体培养,研究外源激素对小麦成熟胚诱导愈伤组织、分化出苗以及试管苗增殖的影响。试验结果表明,在MS培养基中添加2,4-D3mg·L-1愈伤组织诱导频率较高,成愈率为84.0%;在添加有KT2～3mg·L-1的MS分化培养基中愈伤组织分化率较高,可达85%以上;将试管苗转接至添加0.2mg·L-1的NAA和0.5～2.0mg·L-1的6-BA的培养基中,试管苗有一定的分化增殖,但最高分化率仅为33.3%,增殖系数2.05。     

不同培养液及血清浓度对绵羊孤雌生殖胚胎发育的影响

体外成熟的绵羊卵母细胞，经5 μmol/L A23187 5 min和2 mmol/L 6-DMAP 4 h激活后，分别在SOFaa、M-199两种培养液中进行培养，试验比较了SOFaa、M-199液分别添加BSA和不同浓度（10%、20%）胎牛血清对绵羊孤雌生殖胚体外发育的影响。M-199+FCS组的卵裂率显著低于SOFaa+BSA和SOFaa+FCS组（P<0.05），SOFaa+BSA组的囊胚率显著低于M-199+BSA、SOFaa+FCS、M-199+FCS三组（P<0.05）；SOFaa+10% FCS与SOFaa+20% FCS组的卵裂率及囊胚率均无显著差异，M-199+10% FCS和M-199+20% FCS组的卵裂率及囊胚率间均无显著差异。结果表明：SOFaa比M-199更适合绵羊孤雌生殖胚体外发育，此外添加10%的FCS即可达到较好的培养效果。     

Use of molasses as a carbon source during the nursery rearing of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) in a Biofloc technology system

The present work evaluated the use of molasses as a carbon source during the nursery rearing of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis in a Biofloc technology system. During a 30 days trial, three replicate tanks were randomly assigned to the following treatments: 1.) molasses (with molasses addition) and 2.) control (without molasses addition). Bacteriological analysis was used to quantify the abundance of presumptive Vibrio spp. between control and molasses treatment. The concentration of this microorganism was lower in molasses compared with control. For the immunological analysis, shrimp haemolymph was collected to determine the total haemocyte count and the total protein concentration. The immunological results were not different between treatments. The performance results of shrimp reared with molasses addition showed that the survival rate (88.87 ± 6.36), the mean final weight (1.22 ± 0.38) and the specific growth rate (0.0309 ± 1.06) were significantly higher compared with control (80.5 ± 2.42; 1.03 ± 0.13; 0.0256 ± 0.97 respectively). Moreover, the addition of molasses contributed to the maintenance of water quality and lower concentration of presumptive Vibrio spp. The control presented an unstable variation of Vibrio spp. reaching values of 80 × 10² CFU/ml, while the highest result of molasses was 20 × 10² CFU/ml, confirming the beneficial effects of molasses addition.     

Effect of incubation temperature regimes and culture medium on broccoli microspore culture embryogenesis

Conditions for reliable induction of embryogenesis from isolated microspores were studied in ten genotypes of broccoli. Embryo yields were significantly increased in almost all of the broccoli genotypes by the incubation at 32.5 ^°C for 1 day, than when the standard incubation at 30 ^°C for 2 days was used. Treatments of 48 hours at 32.5 ^°C produced less than optimal results suggesting that broccoli microspores are more sensitive to high temperatures than those of B. napus. The use of the ¹/₂ NLN-13 medium yielded greater number of embryos than the standard NLN-13. The magnitude of the response to the redution of the concentration of major salts by half in the NLN medium varied with the different genotypes. High embryogenic broccoli cultivars, such as ‘Shogun’, ‘SDB9’, and ‘Green Valiant’, presented a better response to the reduction of the concentration of major salts by half in NLN-13. Reduction never produced a detrimental effect on embryo yield and seems not to have any effect in the subsequent development of embryos in plants. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国文化体制改革的人本原则

我国文化事业体制和机制的僵化导致了一系列的问题。发展我国文化事业必须坚持“以人为本”的原则，即遵循文化企事业单位和文化市场的发展规律，通过人本身的知识、能力和创新技术创造出文化产品和服务来充分满足人的精神文化需求，从而最终达到人的全面发展。     

发光杆菌NJ菌株的抑菌活性研究

测定了发光杆菌NJ菌株对16种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明该细菌具有较广的抑菌谱,其中对甘蓝黑斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、番茄猝倒病菌、玉米小斑病菌等植物病原真菌具有较强抑制作用。对该菌的发酵条件研究表明,该菌在种龄为24 h、接种量在4%～6%条件下,在TSY培养液中72 h即可获得较高的抑菌活性。而装瓶量为10～50 mL/100 mL锥形瓶,转速为120～200 r/min对菌的活性影响不大。不同温度处理发酵液,其抑菌活性发生变化,其中经60℃处理10 min后,抑菌活性降低约50%,说明发酵液中的抑菌活性成分可能有多种。     

延安市土地利用程度评价及政策建议

基于土地利用变更数据,采用改进后刘纪远土地利用程度综合指数模型,分别从总体评价、地域分异规律研究、时间序列研究等3个方面对延安市土地利用程度进行全面评价。结果显示：总体而言,2007年全市及其各区县土地利用程度都低于全省平均水平;地域分异规律方面,土地利用程度呈现出纬度和垂直分异规律,没有呈现出明显的经度分异规律,且随...     

A novel screening method for rice allelopathic potential: the inhibitory‐circle method

Screening crop accessions for allelopathic activity is of paramount importance for crop allelopathy research. Previous bioassays often did not use a mixed culture of donor and target plants, did not use soil and were not conducted under natural conditions. In this study, we designed an inhibitory‐circle method in which a rice accession (donor plant) and Echinochloa crus‐galli (target plant) were cultured together in paddy soil under natural conditions. First, we determined that the highest allelopathic activity of allelopathic rice accession PI312777 was at the 5‐leaf stage, and the suitable distance of rice seedlings and E. crus‐galli was 12 cm apart. This method was then validated by a field test. A further 40 rice accessions were evaluated for allelopathic activity to E. crus‐galli using this method. Two rice accessions, PI312777 and Taichung Native 1, had highly allelopathic activity to E. crus‐galli (inhibitory rate > 50%), while another accession, Lemont, had non‐allelopathic activity. These experimental results were in accordance with previous studies using direct field experiments. The inhibitory‐circle method integrated three necessary conditions, that is donor and target plants grown together, with soil as the medium and under natural conditions for reliable results. The ‘inhibitory‐circle method’, which combined donor and target plants, soil medium and field conditions, can give reliable results in one step, compared with laboratory screening methods. Also, the ‘inhibitory‐circle method’ gave results in 30‐35 days, thereby substantially reducing the requirements for time, labour and cost.     

瓶式平板培养制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子

利用三角瓶装纳马铃薯琼脂培养基制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子。结果发现,瓶装培养基的体积与产孢量无关。各菌株在瓶式培养平板上均能正常形成后代孢子。瓶式培养比常规培养皿平板培养具有更高的产孢效率。产孢平板上产生的孢子收取后,菌落继续培养,新形成的孢子数量大幅下降。由于三角瓶能高效避免污染,因而认为瓶式培养是制备稻曲病菌薄壁分生孢子的理想技术。     

Spatial distribution of δ~2H and δ~18O values in the hydrologic cycle of the Nile Basin

Existing δ2H and δ18O values for precipitation and surface water in the Nile Basin were used to analyze precipitation inputs and the influence of evaporation on the isotopic signal of the Nile River and its tributaries. The goal of the data analysis was to better understand basin processes that influence seasonal streamflow for the source waters of the Nile River, because climate and hydrologic models have continued to produce high uncertainty in the prediction of precipitation and streamflow in the Nile Basin. An evaluation of differences in precipitation δ2H and δ18O values through linear regression and distribution analysis indicate variation by region and season in the isotopic signal of precipitation across the Nile Basin. The White Nile Basin receives precipitation with a more depleted isotopic signal compared to the Blue Nile Basin. The hot temperatures of the Sahelian spring produce a greater evaporation signal in the precipitation isotope distribution compared to precipitation in the Sahara/Mediterranean region, which can be influenced by storms moving in from the Mediterranean Sea. The larger evaporative effect is reversed for the two regions in summer because of the cooling of the Sahel from inflow of Indian Ocean monsoon moisture that predominantly influences the climate of the Blue Nile Basin. The regional precipitation isotopic signals convey to each region's streamflow, which is further modified by additional evaporation according to the local climate. Isotope ratios for White Nile streamflow are significantly altered by evaporation in the Sudd, but this isotopic signal is minimized for streamflow in the Nile River during the winter, spring and summer seasons because of the flow dominance of the Blue Nile. During fall, the contribution from the White Nile may exceed that of the Blue Nile, and the heavier isotopic signal of the White Nile becomes apparent. The variation in climatic conditions of the Nile River Basin provides a means of identifying mechanistic processes through changes in isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, which have utility for separating precipitation origin and the effect of evaporation during seasonal periods. The existing isotope record for precipitation and streamflow in the Nile Basin can be used to evaluate predicted streamflow in the Nile River from a changing climate that is expected to induce further changes in precipitation patterns across the Nile Basin.