小麦花粉白化苗成因的研究——Ⅱ.小麦花粉愈组和花粉苗的同工酶分析

花粉白、绿苗同工酶的分析表明,花粉白苗的过氧化物酶的酶谱上,有一条相对迁移率为0.34～0.36的“特征带”。而花粉绿苗的酯酶的酶谱上,有一条与β—萘酯起作用的“特征带”。花粉愈伤组织过氧化物酶的同工酶分析表明,愈伤组织苗色的分化方向似乎在愈伤组织阶段或在此之前便决定了的,再分化的培养条件对苗色的分化不再起作用。花粉白苗叶绿素吸收光谱分析表明,小麦白苗仍会有少量叶绿素a和叶绿素b,这就排除了白苗的产生是由于愈伤组织细胞的旺盛分裂及生理上障碍致使细胞质体缺失所致。     

鳞片愈伤组织繁殖的水仙在旱作条件下的性状

水仙是多年生草本植物,常规采用分球繁殖,繁殖率低。利用组织培养技术,通过愈伤组织增殖可以迅速扩大形成小植株的基础,但从愈伤组织产生的植株常发生变异(Hussey,G.1978,Science Progress)。本文报道,由鳞片愈伤组织培养物所繁殖的水仙在旱作条件下的性状。 材 料 与 方 法 材料 水仙(Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis Roem.)鳞片切块(带鳞茎盘)在附加BA 1mg/1和 2,4-D 0.1mg/1的MS培养基上诱导产生愈伤组织,并在相同的培养基上继代培养。将12和13代愈伤组织转至含NAA 0.1mg/1的MS培养基上,分化出不定芽,最终不定芽枯萎并在其基部形成休眠的小鳞茎。在水仙自然播种季节前约半个月,将小鳞茎转至含NAA 0.03mg/1的1/2 MS培养基上,抽叶生根后,移植田间,次年5月采挖,选取球径为1.8—2.2cm的小鳞茎50个作试验材料。     

耐氨基酸和氨基酸类似物水稻细胞系选择 Ⅰ.氨基酸和氨基酸类似物对水稻愈伤组织生长的影响

以单倍体和二倍体水稻愈伤组织为材料,在附加不同浓度的氨基酸或氨基酸类似物的筛选培养基上培养,测定其对愈伤组织的生长效应。结果表明:筛选抗性愈伤组织突变体的合适剂量为:1,000毫克/升的四氧赖氨酸(OL),2mM的AEC,2mM赖氨酸+1mM苏氨酸,10mM的色氨酸。     

Evaluation of the erythroid regenerative response in two different models of experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia

Anemia was induced in weanling Sprague Dawley rats either by feeding an iron-deficient diet or by chronic phlebotomy. The erythroid regenerative response was then evaluated before and after a hemolytic event, and results were compared with those of a third group of control nonphlebotomized rats fed an iron-replete diet. Diet and phlebotomy groups developed a similar degree of anemia (mean hemoglobin concentration 7.9 g/dL and 7.8 g/dL, respectively; controls, 13.9 g/dL) and hypoferremia (mean serum iron concentration 25.4 microgram/dL and 34.9 microgram/dL, respectively; controls, 222.0 microgram/dL). However, the anemia in diet rats was nonregenerative (reticulocyte count, 83.1 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia; whereas the anemia in phlebotomy rats was regenerative (reticulocyte count, 169.6 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. Thrombocytosis was seen in diet rats (1,580 X 10(3) cells/microliter) but not phlebotomy rats (901 X 10(3) cells/microliter) when compared with controls (809 X 10(3) cells/microliter). To further evaluate the regenerative capability, phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was administered to induce hemolysis. Erythrocyte mass declined approximately 25% in all groups, including controls. The reticulocytosis (265.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) seen in phlebotomy rats was earlier and significantly greater than that seen in either diet or control rats. Hemoglobin concentration returned to pre-PHZ concentrations (7.9 g/dL) in phlebotomy rats within 4 days posthemolysis. In diet rats, the maximal regenerative response (176.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) was not seen until 8 days posthemolysis, and hemoglobin (7.5 g/dL) did not return to pre-PHZ concentrations during the 8-day study. In many aspects, the anemia seen following diet- or phlebotomy-induced iron deficiency was similar. However, the erythroid regenerative capability varied depending on the mechanism by which anemia was induced and furthermore altered the efficiency of hemoglobin production following a hemolytic event. These results suggest that the availability of iron in the diet may modulate the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia.     

三个菊花品种花器官愈伤组织辐射效应的研究

用辐射剂量为10、15、20Gy的60Coγ射线对金莲、白矮生和矮红3个小花型夏菊品种的舌状花和管状花产生的愈伤组织进行辐射处理,研究了辐射处理对愈伤组织褐化率、分化率以及分化芽的数量的影响.结果表明:γ射线对3个品种不同来源愈伤组织的褐化、分化能力均有影响.随着辐射剂量的增加,不同来源的愈伤组织的褐化程度均加重,而分化能力则减弱.此外,不同基因型和不同来源的愈伤组织,对γ射线敏感性也有差异,矮红品种的愈伤组织最敏感,舌状花产生的愈伤组织比管状花产生的愈伤组织辐射敏感性强.     

Elimination of Citrus psorosis virus by somatic embryogenesis from stigma and style cultures

Somatic embryogenesis was used to eliminate Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) from three citrus species (common mandarin, sweet orange and Dweet tangor), all of which regenerated somatic embryos with different embryogenic potential from stigma and style explants. CPsV was detected by double antibody sandwich‐indirect‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) in explants and embryogenic callus, but was not detected in any of the plants obtained from somatic embryos, even 24 months after regeneration. Loss of juvenile characters (disappearance of thorns) was observed in the first year of growth and was retained in plants propagated by grafting from thornless stems. Somatic embryogenesis appears to be a very promising technique for the production of healthy citrus stocks.     

紫花苜蓿下胚轴愈伤组织诱导及再生植株的研究

以培养4～5d的紫花苜蓿无菌苗的下胚轴为材料,改良SH(SH大量元素+MS微量元素+MS铁盐+UM有机)+水解酪蛋白(CH)2000 mg/L为基本培养基,对紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导和植株再生进行了研究。愈伤组织诱导和继代培养基分别为2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L及2,4-D 0.05 mg/L+BA0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,将获得的愈伤组织转入正交设计的培养基上进行筛选,得到了愈伤组织分化率相对较高的培养基配方:基本培养基+KT 0.4 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L,其分化率为73.0%。获得的再生芽在生根培养基上(1/2MSO)培养约10d便能获得具有根和叶的再生植株。本试验结果为下一步将来自蓝藻的Na⁺/H⁺ an-tiporter基因转入苜蓿,获得转基因耐盐苜蓿奠定了基础。     

利用未成熟种子建立野生阿宽蕉胚性细胞悬浮系和植株再生的研究

以纵切的野生阿宽蕉60d龄未成熟种子为外植体,在MI1愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS大量和微量元素及铁盐+MorelandWetmore维生素+0.1mmol/LKH2PO4+87mmol/L蔗糖+4.5μmol/L2,4-D+1g/LGelrite)中培养60d后开始出现浅黄色松散的胚性愈伤组织,150d后愈伤组织诱导率为(15.11±1.95)%。该类愈伤组织被转移到含18μmol/L2,4-D的MI2培养基中继代60d后,可获得状态均一的理想的胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织悬浮培养后,通过2个月的筛选和继代培养,可得到均质的胚性细胞悬浮系。理想的胚性愈伤组织在体细胞胚诱导培养基中培养10d后可见到白色半透明体细胞胚的发生,体细胞胚诱导率为7.70×105个/gFW。成熟体细胞胚的萌发率为(33.33±3.37)%,植株再生率为(20.83±1.68)%。     

烟草抗苯磺隆变异体的筛选及变异体种子活力测定

采用组织培养技术,将烟草(NC-82)叶片诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织转移到加有半致死浓度苯磺隆的Murashige-Skoog(MS)培养基上,经3代筛选,获得抗苯磺隆愈伤组织。抗性愈伤组织在加有苯磺隆的分化培养基上分化出植株。再生植株移栽成活后,对获得的再生植株种子与对照种子活力及抗性指数进行检测。结果表明:苯磺隆诱导再生植株种子与对照种子的简化活力指数分别为10.81和9.53;过氧化物酶活力分别为47.36和29.44 U·g-1·min-1,酸性磷酸酯酶活力分别为2.927和2.447 nmol·g-1·min-1。潜在抗性趋势检测表明,再生植株种子对苯磺隆的抗性显著提高,抗性指数为3.18。再生种苗和对照种苗的乙酰乳酸合成酶活力分别为10.41和6.67 nmol·h-1·mg-1。     

仙客来体细胞胚胎发生的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对仙客来体细胞胚胎发生的研究,表明品种的基因型、外植体的类型、外源激素、外界条件以及附加成分等对胚性愈伤的产生都有重要的影响,另外综述了仙客来胚性愈伤和体细胞胚胎的保存方法.