A two-year comparison on nutritive value and yield of eight lucerne cultivars and one red clover cultivar

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) are among the most common legume species used for ruminant feeding systems. Besides the greater nutritive quality and first-year ley yield compared to lucerne, red clover decreases its yield over the years. However, under unfavourable soil conditions the persistency of lucerne can be compromised, not performing as expected. This study compared yield and chemical composition of eight lucerne cultivars and one tetraploid red clover cultivar, with similar growth capacity as lucerne, replicated over two years. In the second year, four lucerne cultivars and the red clover cultivar were analysed for crude protein (CP) fractions, dry matter and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. A randomized block design was used with three field blocks per cultivar for the multiple comparisons within each year. There were differences in DM yield, concentrations of CP and NDF and CP fractions among the lucerne cultivars, but the differences were inconsistent between years and between growth cycles within year. The red clover cultivar had lower CP and NDF concentrations than a majority of the lucerne cultivars, and greater in vitro organic matter digestibility compared to all of the lucerne cultivars. Also, the red clover cultivar had greater rumen undegradable-to-degradable CP ratio but confirmed its lower yield persistency compared to the lucerne cultivars.     

红富士生长特性及主要病害的防治

招远市是红富士之乡,是我国红富士苹果的主产区之一。产出的红富士苹果色艳形正、口感 清爽、汁多脆甜、久贮不绵,备受市场欢迎和好评。产量稳定、质量上乘得益于得天独厚的自然条件和 先进的生产技术,得益于果农的辛劳付出,更得意于国家的好政策。生产中,充分了解红富士的生长 特性,并及时防治病害,是确保产量和品质的前提措施之一。     

Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospira platensis and Hydropuntia cornea against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.     

食用菌创意景观设计

通过对食用菌创意景观设计进行研究,分析具体的设计原则和设计方法,在食用菌创意景观打造过程中融入艺术技巧和文化特色,营造独特的食用菌旅游观光资源,创造更多农业生产附加价值。     

食用菌栽培与旅游业融合力评价研究

改革开放以来,经济的发展和市场的巨大需求使食用菌成为我国农民增收的主要经济作物,食用菌产业是公认的朝阳产业。但是由于经济现状的限制,食用菌产业的发展常以市场为主导,急需采用先进的发展理念,使食用菌产业更加科学合理的发展。以因子分析法为基础进一步构建研究模型,采用回归分析法,对食用菌种植与旅游业融合力进行评价。回归分析结果显示,变量融合广度、融合深度、融合增值对食用菌种植与旅游业融合力有显著的正向影响。     

红树莓果酒的酿造工艺研究

中国盛产小浆果,但小浆果不容易保存且季节性强,因此附加值较低,为了提高小浆果的产品附加值,本试验研究了小浆果酒的发酵工艺,并探讨了解决出汁率低,果酒单宁含量过少所导致的货架期短、挥发酸高、不易澄清等问题。试验以小浆果红树莓为原料,经破碎、酶解、澄清、发酵、过滤等工艺,制得了发酵型红树莓果酒,经过单因素和正交试验优化发酵工艺,确定最佳的酿造工艺条件。结果表明,酶解过程采用25 g/kL EMACLAR果胶酶和25 g/kL EVZYM果胶酶低温酶解14 h,与传统方式对比,出汁率提高了10%;发酵过程,红树莓果汁初始糖度19%,利用VP5为酿酒酵母,接种量为10%,发酵温度22℃;发酵结束后使用树脂降酸,澄清过程使用30 g/100 L硅藻土、15 g/100 L明胶复合澄清的方式。在此工艺条件下得到的红树莓果酒酸度爽口,色泽清亮、均匀,有明显的树莓香气和纯正的发酵型香气。     

近35年红壤稻区土壤肥力时空演变特征—以进贤县为例

【目的】明确红壤稻区典型县域农业生产中土壤养分的变化特征以及当前土壤肥力水平,为红壤稻田土壤培肥改良提供依据。【方法】通过数据收集和野外采样分析得到江西省进贤县1982年、2008年和2017年3个时期稻田耕层土壤属性的数据,统一选取土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾作为土壤综合肥力评价指标,首先对3个时期各项肥力指标进行常规统计和差异性分析,采用主成分分析找出不同时期肥力差异的关键因子并确定权重,通过隶属度函数得到各项肥力指标的隶属度值,将各项肥力指标的权重和隶属度值加乘得到土壤综合肥力指数,最后结合土壤各项肥力指标和综合肥力指数的GIS空间分布图探究该区域稻田土壤肥力时空演变特征。【结果】1982—2017年进贤县稻田土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾均呈不同程度的上升趋势,土壤pH呈下降趋势。1982、2008和2017年3个时期进贤县土壤pH的平均值分别为5.9、5.1、4.8,年均下降0.03个单位;35年来土壤pH整体由西部向东南和西北下降速率逐渐减低,2017年99%的稻田土壤处于酸性水平（4.5—5.5）。35年间稻田土壤有机质含量的平均值由28.1 g·kg^-1上升至36.8 g·kg^-1,1982—2008年和2008—2017年土壤有机质年均增加速率分别为0.21和0.31 g·kg^-1,2017年土壤有机质含量在30—40 g·kg^-1之间的稻田占比达94%,1982—2017年土壤有机质整体由东北向西南上升速率逐渐降低。1982—2017年土壤有效磷含量的平均值由7.0 mg·kg^-1上升至32.1 mg·kg^-1,2017年进贤县以土壤有效磷含量在20—40 mg·kg^-1的稻田为主,占比75%。1982—2017年稻田土壤速效钾累积缓慢,1982—2008年和2008—2017年土壤速效钾年均增加速率分别0.58和0.53 mg·kg^-1,2017年进贤县稻田土壤速效钾含量平均值为73.2 mg·kg^-1。稻田土壤碱解氮在1982—2008年和2008—2017年两个阶段增长均呈先快后慢的趋势,前后两个阶段的年增长速率分别为1.24和0.29 mg·kg^-1,1982—2017年进贤县土壤碱解氮含量东南地区上升速率高,西北地区上升速率低。1982、2008和2017年进贤县稻田土壤综合肥力指数的平均值分别为0.43、0.50和0.55。3个时期稻田土壤肥力指标综合得分分别为：碱解氮有效磷>pH>速效钾>有机质（1982年）;pH>有效磷>速效钾>有机质>碱解氮（2008年）;速效钾>有效磷>pH>碱解氮>有机质（2017年）。【结论】经过35年的长期耕作,进贤县稻田土壤肥力得到改善。当前进贤县稻田土壤仍存在碱解氮过量、速效钾亏缺、土壤酸化严重等问题。土壤碱解氮、pH和速效钾分别为1982年、2008年和2017年3个时期造成进贤县稻田土壤肥力空间分布差异性的关键因素。