神经网络在农业专家系统中的应用

介绍了专家系统的特点及农业专家系统的发展现状;提出了将神经网络理论应用于农业专家系统的设计方法,并分析了其优点;论述了基于神经网络的农业专家系统的结构、知识表示与获取、推理机制等;结合具体实例,给出了神经网络学习方法及专家系统运行过程。     

温室类型与装备技术研究

设施农业是生产高品质、安全健康农产品的重要手段。概述我国设施农业发展现状,介绍国内现有温室大棚的类型并进行分类比较,分析设施园艺应具备的配套设备与技术,并对我国设施农业今后的发展提出建议。     

精准农业的作用及发展现状概述

全面概括精准农业的定义、内涵及主要技术体系,探讨其在农业生产中发挥的主要作用,介绍国内外精准农业的发展历程及研究应用现状,展望我国精准农业的发展方向,为促进我国精准农业快速发展提供理论参考。     

物理农业技术在朝阳市的应用状况

为捉进在朝阳市的应用,以番茄、黄瓜、食用菌、水稻等为对象,采用对比试验的方法,探讨物理农业技术的应用效果。试验结果表明：物理技术具有提高产量、促进早熟、改善品质、减少化肥农药使用量的功效,是生产绿色农产品、无公害农产品的主要措施。     

Towards sustainable farming systems: Effectiveness and deficiency of the French procedure of sustainable agriculture

There is a widespread consensus about the importance of sustainable agriculture. In France, the Farming Orientation Law of July 1999 has set down a precise procedure for the implementation of sustainable agriculture: the contrat territorial d’exploitation – or territorial farm contract (TFC). This paper aims to analyse the TFC effectiveness. An analysis has been made of the TFCs signed in the Midi-Pyrenees Region in south-western France, using statistical analysis and qualitative surveys of a sample of farms. The results show that the most valuable effects have been mainly economic. Effects regarding social and environmental aspects were very limited. But from the point of view of an integrated approach, indirect effects of TFCs can be observed on social and environmental aspects. These results are explained, on the one hand, by farmers’ motivations guided by economic objectives, and on the other hand, by the dominance of professional farming organisations in the implementation of TFC’s procedure. Given these results, two ways of improving the elaboration procedure for TFCs are proposed. Firstly, technical improvements can be made to the diagnostic assessment of farms, and to the choice of actions addressed by the contract. Secondly, organisational improvements can be applied to TFCs elaboration and implementation process, in order to adopt a participatory approach which would involve all rural stakeholders.     

脱涡致振式压电风力发电机性能分析与试验

为满足农业遥感监测系统的供电需求,减少化学电池对水和土壤的污染,提出一种脱涡致振式压电风力发电机,并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究.建立了脱涡致振式压电风力发电机的理论模型,通过仿真分析研究迎风角、压电振子长度及风速对压电振子变形量的影响,并对发电机样机进行了测试试验.结果 表明,不同风速下均存在两个最佳迎风角,使发电机...     

Assessing long term effects of compost fertilization on soil fertility and nitrogen mineralization rate

Background

Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated.

Aim

This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency.

Methods

After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha^–1 year^–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, N_min, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent net mineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated.

Results

N efficiency was the highest in maize and for mineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlated with soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha^–1 year^–1 and 19.5 kg K ha^–1 year^–1 resulted in 1 mg kg^–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years.

Conclusion

Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soil-accumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of N mineralization occurred during the growth period.     

面向21世纪的中国农业工程议程探讨(英文)

综述了中国2000～2030年瓶颈时期食物安全和农业水资源安全问题的各种预测;讨论了农业科技的对策;提出了实现中国农业现代化及贯彻国家生态环境建设规划(2000～2050)所需优先发展的农业工程科技领域。建议在这些优先领域,大力开展结合各个地区特定条件的国际合作研究和合资经营。开发、推广与实施先进适用型技术。指出这是获得未来潜在市场最高份额以及快速发展的途径。     

长株潭城市群都市农业可持续发展综合评价

[目的]在借鉴国内外有关都市农业可持续发展评价的基础上,全面考虑都市农业的多功能性,构建都市农业可持续发展评价指标体系,对长株潭城市群都市农业可持续发展进行评价,为城市群建设提供理论支撑。[方法]首先利用层次分析法确定各指标的主观权重,然后利用指标数据的变化情况,求取各指标的熵权,利用主观权重与熵权确定各指标的复合权重,最后利用TOPSIS模型对2010—2017年长株潭城市群都市农业可持续发展水平进行评价与分析。[结果]①2010—2017年间,长株潭城市群都市农业可持续发展水平相对贴近度由2010年的0.306 5增加到了2017年的0.523 9;②各分功能的相对贴近度变化趋势各异,但总体呈上升的发展态势。[结论]长株潭城市群都市农业可持续发展水平呈波动上升的发展态势,可持续水平由"低水平"上升为"中等水平";都市农业的经济功能已呈现出逐步弱化与边缘化的趋势,越来越多地展示出了都市农业的社会功能、生态功能与示范教育功能。为了进一步促进长株潭城市群都市农业的可持续发展水平,在进行长株潭城市群建设规划时,必须保持一定数据与规模的都市农业景观用地,保证都市农业生态系统结构完整,同时需要加大经济功能所占比重,以保持各分功能更为协调。     

探析农业类高职院校校园网络安全防护体系

作为信息化发展相对落后的农业类高职院校,其校园网网络存在着大量的信息安全隐患,这些隐患一方面是由于安全设备功能或性能不足,另一面则是因为长期的不健全的安全防护体系和网络使用习惯,因此建立安全可靠的安全防护体系是农业类高职院校需要重点思考的问题。