新疆绿洲棉田土壤养分时空分布特点

采用土壤调查、分析测试和数理统计的方法研究了新疆典型绿洲棉田土壤养分的时空分布特点,研究结果表明:北疆大部分土壤养分状况好于南疆,尤其是有效钾,北疆比南疆高1倍左右;南、北疆土壤速效氮、速效磷、有机质大部分处于中低水平,北疆有效钾大部分处于高水平,南疆有效钾大部分处于低水平;土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾和有机质等化学指标与地理经纬度有一定的相关性,有些指标与地理经纬度呈显著或极显著的相关性;随着种植年限的增加,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量先增加,然后开始趋于稳定;土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量,随着种植年限的增加而不断增加;土壤钾素状况随着种植年限的增加有下降趋势.     

A new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method for cold‐water coral gardens

1. Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
2. Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
3. This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
4. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
5. Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m². Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
6. The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.

     

芸薹属蔬菜花期分子调控研究进展

开花是芸薹属蔬菜作物非常重要的农艺性状,有4条途径调控开花：春化途径,光周期途径,赤霉素途径和自主途径。尽管这４条途径分别受不同的基因网络调节,但最终都汇集到相同的开花路径整合子。本文以模式植物拟南芥为借鉴,综述了芸薹属蔬菜花期调控中春化途径和自主途径关键基因FLC、光周期途径中关键基因CO和赤霉素途径的分子机制,及其在开花信号整合子中的核心调节作用,并对芸薹属蔬菜花期调控的深入研究进行了展望。     

Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases

So far, rumination has been used as a proxy for monitoring dairy cow health at farm level. However, investigating its genetic aspects as well as its correlation with other important productive traits may turn this management tool into a new informative selection criterion. However, scientific evidences on genetic correlation among rumination time (RT) and milk production and milk composition are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of RT across three lactation phases and its genetic correlation with milk production, milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Results of our study showed that heritability for RT was 0.34 and was constant across lactation. The mean genetic correlations between RT and milk production and composition traits were 0.07 (milk production), ?0.07 (protein yield), ?0.31 (fat yield), and ?0.32 (fat/protein ratio). The mean genetic correlation between RT and the SCC was 0.05.     

自溶法回收鱼类加工废弃物中蛋白质成分(英文)

鱼头和鱼内脏为鱼类在加工过程中废弃的主要组织,其中含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪等有益成分,有必要进行回收利用。双鳍舵鲣鱼的头部和内脏约占其鱼体重量的30％,富含蛋白质(14.4％-22.6％)。为了将这些废弃物中的蛋白质进行回收,分别采用双鳍舵鲣鱼内脏本身含有的内源性蛋白酶(自溶)和四种外源性的商业蛋白酶Papain W-40(E1),Pancidase NP-2(E2),Sumichiimu FP(E3)和Protease M(E4)对废弃物中的蛋白质进行水解(50℃,1～4h),考察自溶和不同酶解方法对蛋白质的回收率以及对回收液氨基酸组成的影响。结果显示,自溶法对废弃物中蛋白质的回收效果最好。当水解温度为50℃,水解时间为2h时,自溶法的蛋白质回收率最高,达到76％;其次为E2酶解法,回收率达到70％;E3酶解法效果最差,回收率为63％。进一步研究表明,自溶回收液(AE)的氨基酸总量也最高,达到11756 mg/100g,而采用E1、E2、E3和E4水解方法得到的酶解回收液(EE1、EE2、EE3和EE4)中氨基酸含量分别仅为10294、10642、8750、10121 mg/100g。感观评定结果表明,自溶回...     

实时荧光PCR检测马铃薯白线虫技术研究

马铃薯胞囊线虫是马铃薯上最重要的有害生物之一,也是我国特别关注的重要植物检疫性线虫.针对马铃薯白线虫ITS序列,我们设计了引物和TaqMan探针,使用15种马铃薯胞囊线虫群体和4种其它胞囊线虫样品进行验证,可高度灵敏地检测单个马铃薯白线虫的胞囊或幼虫,最高检测灵敏度达到10fs;同时开展了混合样品和未知样品的检测,证明了引物的专化性和TaqMan探针特异性.该检测方法可自动化检测马铃薯白线虫并进行定量,适合进行标准化的常规检测.     

基于时间序列数据的粮食播种面积单产预测模型研究

采用了一种基于时间序列数据的灰色—线性回归模型对广西某市的粮食作物播种面积的单产进行了预测,并将预测结果及预测误差与线性回归模型及灰色GM（1,1）模型的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明,灰色—线性回归组合模型进行粮食作物耕地需求量预测精度较高,具有科学可行性。     

区域滑坡频度预测和趋势研究

区域滑坡危险度评价是区域滑坡防灾减灾的重要研究内容.基于区域滑坡过去一定时期的滑坡资料对未来一定时期的滑坡发生频度预测和趋势研究可为区域滑坡危险度进行动态评价.结合三峡库区万州区滑坡资料,对其进行时间记录分析,研究其不同面积等级不同时间范围的Hurst指数经验关系.分别建立T时间范围1980-1990年,1980-1995年和滑坡面积M>1000 M2,M>10000m2,M>100000m2的Hurst指数经验关系.根据Hurst指数对其未来5a的滑坡频度的最大涨落范围进行预测.并分析时间相关函数与H值的函数关系,为滑坡发展趋势进行定量预测.研究表明,区域滑坡频度预测可为区域滑坡危险度进行动态评价.     

基于时间窗的农机调度技术研究进展

构建合理的跨区域多农机调度服务作业系统可以减少传统农机作业调配方式的成本,避免多区域作业农机的盲目流动,提升农业机械的作业效率.目前,跨区域多农机调度服务作业是我国农业的主要作业方式,智能调度模型和优化算法被广泛应用到农机调度中.针对基于时间窗的农机智能调度技术的特点,综述了农机调度与传统车辆调度的区别,以及国内外学者...     

马铃薯块茎形态结构模型主要参数的确定与验证

马铃薯块茎形态结构模型是功能-结构马铃薯模型的重要研究内容。以‘费乌瑞它’马铃薯品种为材料,于2016和2017年度马铃薯生长季开展了施肥试验。基于不同氮钾施肥水平试验和不同施氮追肥水平试验马铃薯块茎主要形态参数和器官生物量等数据,通过分析块茎主要形态与器官生物量和生理发育时间的定量关系参数,基于块茎形态参数之间的内在联系,构建了马铃薯块茎形态结构参数模型。经基肥不同氮水平试验马铃薯块茎生长数据检验,除薯形指数模型精度略低外,块茎长、块茎宽、块茎厚和比块茎重模型精度均较高,所建模型可较好模拟不同施肥水平马铃薯块茎主要形态结构。