Pollination, Fertilization and Seed Development in Inbred Lines and F1 Hybrids of Spring Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)

When the flowers are not disturbed, the yield of F₁ hybrids of faba beans normally exceeds that in their inbred parents. The basis of this “heterotic autofertility” was investigated by examining flowers for pollination and fertilization throughout the flowering season and assessing the distribution of seeds and pods on mature plants. Six inbred lines and seven of their F₁ hybrids were grown without protection from bee visitation, and their autofertility was estimated’ by comparing their fertilization with that of cytoplasmic male-sterile line. The first direct evidence was obtained that heterotic autofertility acts by increasing; the proportion of flowers which were pollinated and fertilized. The autofertility was not perfect, especially in a closed-flower hybrid, as many ovules remained unfertilized. Several factors contributed to the number of seeds per pod in F₁ hybrids, being superior to parental means: (1) more ovules per flower, (2) greater fertilization of the basal ovules, (3) reduced abortion of the apical ovules and (4) greater overall maturation ovules.     

早实核桃幼树施肥效果研究

试验设置N、P、B 3种肥料9种不同施肥处理,研究不同施肥处理对早实核桃产量和对不同枝类的单枝结果量和产量比例的影响。结果表明:N、P、B 3种肥料的不同配比对核桃产量有很大的影响,P肥是影响干果重和核仁重的主要肥料,低水平的P肥处理的干果重和核仁重都明显低于其他处理;P、B肥是影响长、中、短结果枝产量比例的主要肥料。施肥处理8(N3P3B2K)的肥料配比效果最好。     

基于PLC技术的自动化灌溉施肥系统的设计

随着我国农业科技的发展,滴灌施肥智能化控制技术越来越引起人们的关注,成为未来优质高效设施农业的发展趋势。为此,通过市场调研,采用PLC控制技术,进行了自动化灌溉施肥系统的设计开发;通过性能测试,实验取得了较好的效果,为将PLC技术引入到灌溉施肥控制系统的后续研究提供了借鉴。     

西瓜的需肥特点及施肥技术

西瓜营养丰富,果肉味甜,能降温去暑,是人们喜食的一类水果。西瓜生长过程中需肥量较多,如果营养不足或养分比例不当,会严重影响其产量和品质。在充分了解西瓜的需肥特点之后,提出应根据西瓜的长势、生长规律,注意氮、磷、钾三元素的合理搭配以及有机肥和化肥的互补作用,进行合理施肥,才能取得西瓜的高产。     

油菜专用肥的研究与应用

本文综合研究和分析了土壤营养状况、油菜吸肥特点和肥料性质,以及种植制度中的肥料分配,提出了油菜专用肥配方。示范推广结果表明:油菜专用肥增产增收,节约用肥,深受农户欢迎。     

灌水量对小麦籽粒粉含量和相关酶活性及水分利用效率的影响

在2004-2005年和2005-2006年小麦生长季,设置不同的灌水时期和灌水量处理,研究了小麦籽粒产量、籽粒淀粉含量、淀粉合成相关酶活性和水分利用效率。结果表明,全生育期不灌水条件下,籽粒中的可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和淀粉粒结合态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性在灌浆初期显著升高,在灌浆中后期显著降低,同时灌浆后期支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量亦显著降低。拔节期和开花期每次灌水60 mm有利于小麦在灌浆中后期保持较高的SSS和GBSS活性,提高灌浆后期籽粒中的支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量;灌水量进一步增加时,灌浆中后期的SSS活性显著降低,GBSS活性升高,灌浆后期的支链淀粉含量降低,直链淀粉含量升高。在两个生长季中拔节期和开花期每次灌水60 mm处理的土壤贮水消耗量较高,水分利用效率最高和籽粒产量较高。在此基础上增加灌水量时,开花至成熟阶段0~60 cm土层的土壤含水量显著升高,土壤贮水消耗量降低,籽粒产量无显著变化,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率降低。     

不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林土壤特性的影响

2001-2004年以笋用红竹林小区精确施肥试验为基础,结合试验区内部分长期定位观测,比较研究了不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林生态系统土壤特性的影响.试验采用有机肥、纯化肥(N、NP、NPK)、有机 化肥、不施肥(CK)6个处理.结果表明:在连续3 a持续经营条件下,笋用竹林未施肥区(CK)土壤相应的有效养分消耗最快,有机质下降8.0%,全N下降5.2%,速效P下降15.0%,单施有机肥或NP、NPK化肥配施或有机无机肥料混合施用均可增加土壤有机质含量,提高次序为有机肥 化肥处理 (24.08%) >有机肥处理 (8.49%)>化肥NPK处理 (2.28%)>化肥NP处理 (1.90%),单施N肥后土壤有机质则有所下降(-4.06%),但下降幅度不如未施肥区(-7.98%).与CK区和单施化肥区比较,有机 化肥配合施用,不但提高了土壤有效养分含量,同时增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了土壤物质的循环,提高了竹林土壤的潜在供肥能力,有利于竹林的持续生产力的发挥.     

不同灌水量和填充物对高温闷棚地温及茄子产量的影响

高温闷棚技术可以提高塑料大棚内的土壤温度,有效杀灭土壤中的有害细菌、真菌、部分病毒及大部分害虫。研究了不同灌水量和填充物对高温闷棚地温及茄子产量的影响。结果表明：不填充有机质,50％灌水量处理的10cm地温和茄子产量均高于其他处理。灌水量为田间持水量的100％,填充秸秆＋有机肥＋速腐剂可以有效提高10cm和20cm地温。     

指数施肥对斑叶稠李苗木生物量分配、光合作用及根系形态的影响

Biomass allocation,photosynthesis and root morphology of Padus maackii one-year-old bare-root seedlings under constant fertilization ( CF ) , exponential fertilization ( EF ) , doubled exponential fert...     

Growth and Nutritional Responses of Juvenile Jeffrey Pine to Post-Planting Fertilization

Abstract

Broadcast fertilization of a three-year-old Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) plantation growing on an eroded Sierra Nevada site was examined for its capacity to enhance seedling growth. The amendments chosen for the study included controlled release and conventional soluble formulations that contained a variety of N forms, but all featured high N content along with other nutrients. Four application rates were used, and all amendments were distributed around the base of the seedlings as top dressing. Four seasons after treatment application, fertilized seedlings were 129% larger in height, 93% larger in diameter, and 865% greater in shoot volume than unfertilized seedlings overall. Seedling sizes generally increased with application rate, and by a small margin, the controlled release fertilizer outperformed the other formulations. Relative growth analysis suggested that stimulation by the amendments would continue beyond four seasons. Foliar analysis conducted early and again late during the study revealed that N and P concentrations were consistently raised by fertilization, which likely accounts for much of the accompanying growth gains, while Ca, Fe, Mn, B, and Al concentrations were consistently reduced. Either early or late, foliar K was also raised while Mg, S, Zn, and Cu were reduced. Collectively, these results indicate that fertilization with a variety of high N formulations can increase the availability and uptake of critical nutrients sufficiently to impart in Jeffrey pine on low quality sites a substantial growth advantage.