测土配方施肥技术在甘蔗上的应用研究

为了探讨测土配方施肥技术在甘蔗上的应用效果,促进该项技术在甘蔗生产上迅速推广应用,2008年进行了测土配方施肥与常规施肥对比试验。结果表明,在相同的自然条件下,测土配方施肥能明显改善甘蔗的农艺经济性状,与常规施肥相比,增产糖料蔗4927．4kg／ha,增产率为5．65％,经济效益提高1359．35元／ha。     

从战略高度推进竹业发展的几点思考

木本竹在保证木材安全、食品安全、生态安全和繁荣生态文明中具有重要的地位,尤其在促进地方经济发展、改善民生、绿色发展等方面发挥着重要作用,竹产业发展迎来了良好的机遇。文中以咸宁毛竹资源的开发利用现状为背景,在充分分析调研资料的基础上,剖析了竹业发展面临着劳动力资源贫乏、传统竹制品应用空间被压缩、加工技术滞后、综合利用率低、扶持力度不大等问题。在综合评估竹子及其产业地位和价值的基础上,针对存在问题提出了通过加大政策支持、完善产业链条、突破技术瓶颈等手段来推动竹业健康快速和可持续发展的建议。     

Diagnostic Leaf Nutrient Norms and Identification of Yield-Limiting Nutrients of Mango in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region of India

The leaf nutritional status of mango orchards was assessed using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). The DRIS norms, which showed higher variance and lower coefficients of variation, are found to have greater diagnostic precision. As per DRIS indices, a relative deficiency for magnesium, zinc, and boron corresponding to relative sufficiency for calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium was detected in 9-year-old mango orchards. For the younger orchards (6–7 year old), the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be calcium > sulfur > potassium > boron > nitrogen > phosphorus > magnesium > zinc. Boron was found as the most yield-limiting elements in all age group of plants. When the DRIS indices were compared on the basis of soil pH, calcium and magnesium were most yield-limiting nutrients below pH 5.5, while nitrogen, zinc, and boron were found to be most limiting above pH 5.5.     

Progresses on Personalized Nutritional Evaluation and Recommendation

Health is maintained by a state of dynamic homeostasis in which nutrient intake and ex- penditure are of good balance. Therefore, it is important to know exactly the nutritional value of food sources, as well as the nutritional requirements of individuals, in order to achieve optimal nutrition. Considering the interaction between diet and individual back- ground, nutritional evaluation and recommendation has become a complicate issue needing further investigations. While traditional nutrition research has made significant progress in population nutrition, modern nutrition research is now becoming possible to focus on personalized nutrition in health promotion, disease prevention, performance improvement, and risk assessment of individual with the development of emerging omics technologies. This review tried to summarize the methods used in nutritional evaluation and recom- mendation as well as their applications. Though personal nutrition evaluation and recommendation are still not well-established, utilization of these advanced technologies may expand our knowledge in bioavailability and bioefficacy of diet ingredients, pathophysiological changes in response to dietary intervention, as well as nutrition-associated disease biomarkers discovery, and thus contributing to personalized nutrition.     

高校图书馆推荐书目工作探析

推荐书目影响着高校学生的阅读风气,在网络环境下,深化推荐书目工作是图书馆转变服务理念,创新工作模式的一种表现。分析了推荐书目工作的背景,探讨了推荐书目的编制、宣传等问题,为高校图书馆推荐书目建设提供参考。     

非洲菊切花品种引种试种研究

通过25个非洲菊切花品种的试种观察,就各品种的生育期、植物学性状、切花产量、抗病性、切花瓶插寿命、商品性及主要性状各月变化情况等方面进行了比较评价,据此推荐了11个综合性状较好的品种。     

Crop Nutrient Status and Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Potassium Balances Obtained in Field Trials Evaluating Different Fertilizer Recommendation Systems on Various Soils and Crops in Hungary

Based on correlations calculated from the database of long-term fertilization experiments carried out in Hungary between 1960 and 2000, a new, cost-saving, and environmentally friendly fertilizer recommendation system was developed. The aim of the new system is to apply the lowest possible nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K) rates required to achieve good yields and maximum income per unit area. The World Phosphorus Institute (IMPHOS) agreed to finance a 3-year program to test various Hungarian fertilizer recommendation systems (the new RISSAC-RIA [Research for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry‐Research Institute for Agriculture] system, the Talajer?gazdálkodás integrated soil fertility management system, and the intensive MÉM NAK [Department of Plant Protection and Agricultural Chemistry of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture] system) when applied to three major crops grown on three characteristic Hungarian soils. The first five treatments in the experiment represented a classical deficiency experiment, aimed at checking the correctness of the NPK supply categories determined by the various systems. On all three soils and for all three crops the IMPHOS experiments confirmed the basic principles of the new cost-saving, environmentally friendly fertilizer recommendation system and the correctness of the methods used for calculating fertilizer rates. In this article, diagnostic plant analysis, soil analysis data, and NPK balances obtained in the different recommendations are discussed. In most cases the plant NPK contents of all the recommendations exceeded the lower limits of the good NPK supply category for wheat and barley shoot as well as for corn leaf. Crop NPK contents in Talajer?gazdálkodás and MÉM NAK treatments (with greater recommended NPK doses) were most cases better than in the RISSAC-RIA treatments; however, the better crop NPK status did not result in extra grain yield in the former treatments. Taking into account that similarly high yields were obtained using the RISSAC-RIA system and the Talajer?gazdálkodás integrated system with much smaller NPK doses than those recommended by the intensive MÉM NAK system, it was more advantageous from agronomic, environmental protection, and economic points of view. Differences in PK balances correlated well with the differences in the measured soil ammonium lactate (AL)–PK contents after the third year of the experiment.     

基于云计算的测土配方施肥服务系统研究与应用

利用云计算的分布式存储与处理和ArcGIS技术,研发形成了快速处理测土配方施肥空间数据、属性数据和生产数据等大数据的测土配方施肥决策与服务系统。该系统依据测土配方施肥数据库中的数据,结合专家经验,通过聚类分析、回归分析、响应曲面和线性规划等数学模型,定量地为常见农作物提供科学的施肥配方方案;实现了土地资源信息毫秒级查询响应和图像展现,残缺、异常数据自动修正,还具有专家视频、专题图制作等功能。通过建立的测土配方施肥服务站以及配肥站的触摸屏、PC机和配肥机终端系统,可为农民提供测土配方施肥技术服务。     

玉米计算机推荐施肥与咨询服务系统

在对辽宁省海城市耿庄镇旱田耕层土壤养分含量状况分析测定的基础上，根据《中国土壤普查技术》制定的标准，对耿庄镇旱田土壤养分含量进行了分级和评价，并针对各分级土壤区域建立了具体的肥料施用数学模型。应用Viaual Basic高级程序设计语言及肥料施用数学模型建立计算机推荐施肥应用系统，用于耿庄镇玉米种植推荐施肥与咨询服务。     

地力差减法在黔东南州黄粘泥田水稻测土推荐施肥中的应用研究

通过田间试验,水稻的地力产量、目标产量均与土壤养分测定值正相关;化肥利用率与土壤养分测定值负相关;逐一分析养分平衡法施肥公式中各子项与土壤养分测定值的数量关系．建立推荐施N、P2O5、K2O量分别与土壤速效氮、磷、钾的一一对应函数关系。