应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术对患脂肪肝奶牛血浆差异蛋白的分离鉴定及生物学分析

【目的】脂肪肝是围产期奶牛主要代谢性疾病之一,50%产后奶牛受其影响。产后奶牛生产力降低、繁殖性能低下、免疫功能减弱、肝功能衰竭和过早死亡都与脂肪肝有关。表面增强激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱（SELDI-TOF-MS）是一种对生物样本蛋白质研究的新型高敏感性蛋白质组学方法,文章旨在探讨脂肪肝奶牛血浆蛋白质组学特征。【方法】于黑龙江某集约化养牛场选择产后7-28d,1-2胎次荷斯坦奶牛40头。清晨空腹尾静脉采血10mL,应用肝素抗凝（150U）迅速离心（3 000 r/min,5 min）分离血浆,置于-80℃冰箱冷冻保存。依据血浆甘油三酯（TG＞0.20 mmol·L^-1）, 血浆β-羟丁酸（BHBA＞1.2mmol·L^-1）浓度和临床症状,将其分为试验组（T）20头和健康对照组（C）20头。应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术测得血浆蛋白质谱,利用Ciphergen Protein Chip Software (Version 3.1.1)对在试验组和对照组所有样品中得到的峰图进行分析,得到原始数据。将两组之间的数据峰值做wilcoxon sum rank test统计检验,用计算出的P值判断峰在两组中是否有显著差异。以0.01作为P值的阈值,筛选出P值小于0.01的差异峰。在得到的差异峰中,将差异峰的m/z值与Swissport蛋白数据库中多肽的理论荷质比 (mass to charge ratio,m/z)进行比较,找到最相似的蛋白作为差异峰可能检测蛋白的预测结果。【结果】与对照组相比,试验组奶牛血浆蛋白质谱存在39个差异峰,在得到的39个差异峰中,将差异峰的m/z值与Swissport蛋白数据库中多肽的理论荷质比值进行比较,最终获得26个可预测的差异峰,预测蛋白11种。结果显示,相对于C组,11种预测蛋白在T组中均表达下调。通过生物信息学（Network,GO,Pathway）分析,应用Cytoscape软件对获得的11种蛋白进行牛类基因网络搜索,得到Networks分析结果图。在数据库中搜索到了试验结果中的淀粉样肽前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein, APP)和纤维蛋白原α链(fibrinogen alpha chain, FGA)两种差异蛋白,并得到其相关的Networks分析结果。应用Cytoscape软件中BinGO插件对11种蛋白进行GO分析,并得到GO分析结果。对这些蛋白质经软件搜库得到已经注释的差异蛋白有9种,分别为FGA、血清淀粉样蛋白A (serum amyloid A protein, SAA)、血浆蛋白酶c1抑制剂（plasma protease c1 inhibitor, SERPING1 or C1INH）、血清载脂蛋白-CⅢ（apolipoprotein c-Ⅲ,ApoCⅢ）、海帕西啶（hepcidin, HAMP）、骨桥蛋白（osteopontin, OPN or SPP1）、 甲状腺素运转蛋白（transthyretin, TTR）、胱蛋白酶抑制剂C （cystatin-c, CysC or CST）、神经分泌血管生长因子蛋白（neurosecretory protein, VGF）。应用KEGG（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes）pathway数据库搜索。搜索结果显示只有6种蛋白质可在数据库中搜到,分别是FGA、SERPING1、APO-CⅢ、APP、CysC、SPP1。并得到其相关的Pathway分析结果。这些蛋白可能是与奶牛脂肪肝发病机制相关的物质。【结论】应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术有效的分离了健康牛与患病牛之间的血浆差异表达蛋白,均在肝脏代谢或脂肪肝疾病发生发展过程中起重要的调节作用,对探究奶牛脂肪肝发病机理及其对机体生物学功能的影响具有重要的理论价值。差异蛋白对奶牛脂肪肝的发病机理的影响尚待进一步研究。     

青天葵EBP1基因原核表达载体的构建

[目的]构建青天葵器官大小调控基因——Erb3结合蛋白(Erb3-binding protein,EBP1)编码基因的原核表达载体,以期为通过原核表达体系鉴定该基因的功能奠定基础。[方法]将引入酶切位点的NfEBP1基因的PCR产物及表达载体pET-28、pET-16b分别进行双酶切,之后连接相应的酶切产物,热击转化到E.coli Top10细胞,通过菌落PCR、测序和酶切筛选阳性重组子。将确认的阳性重组子质粒转化至E.coli BL21表达宿主菌,并对其进行双酶切验证。[结果]构建了重组表达质粒pET-28-NfEBP1-1188和pET-16-NfEBP1-1188,其转化E.coli BL21表达宿主细胞后,分别获得含有2个载体的工程菌。[结论]该研究成功构建了青天葵EBP1基因的原核表达载体,为后续通过原核表达体系鉴定该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

烟草Hsc70-2的克隆及对马铃薯Y病毒侵染烟草的促进作用

【目的】马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)是危害烟草、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒等主要农作物的重要病毒,给农业生产带来巨大损失。论文旨在克隆Hsc70-2蛋白在本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)中的基因序列并分析其生物学信息,研究NbHsc70-2蛋白对PVY侵染烟草的影响,为进一步解析PVY的侵染机制提供理论依据。【方法】以本氏烟为材料,克隆NbHsc70-2蛋白的基因编码序列(coding sequence,CDS),利用MEGA 6.0进行多序列比对并构建系统进化树;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析NbHsc70-2在本氏烟各组织中的表达水平;采用在线软件BaCeILo和SignalP 4.0对NbHsc70-2进行生物信息学分析;构建NbHsc70-2-RFP融合蛋白确定该蛋白的亚细胞定位;研究PVY处理对本氏烟叶片中NbHsc70-2的影响;利用激光共聚焦观察PVY-GFP处理对NbHsc70-2-RFP定位的影响;构建NbHsc70-2 VIGS沉默体系及瞬时表达载体,采用qRT-PCR比较NbHsc70-2在沉默/过表达后对PVY表...     

填饲对朗德鹅SCD5、SREBP2和ELOVL6甲基化和mRNA表达的影响

DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的研究热点之一.为了探索填饲是否能够引起朗德鹅Anser anser)肝脏脂类代谢中DNA甲基化水平以及基因表达量的变化和DNA甲基化修饰作用和基因表达之间的关系.本研究运用焦磷酸测序技术分析鹅肝脏硬脂酞辅酶A去饱和酶5基因(stearovl-CoA desaturase 5,SCD5)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白2基因(sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2,SREBP2)和超长链脂肪酸延伸酶6基因(elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6,ELOVL6)的甲基化水平,再运用qRT-PCR技术进行定量验证.结果显示,SCD5、SREBP2和ELOVL6各2个片段的甲基化水平均在20％以上,均属于高甲基化状态;对照组3个基因各2个片段的甲基化水平均高于填饲组,填饲组与对照组的SCD5-1S和SREBP2-1S片段甲基化差异显著(P＜0.05),SREBP2-2S片段甲基化差异极显著(P＜0.01),SCD5-2S、ELOVL6-1S和ELOLV6-2S片段甲基化差异不显著(P＞0.05);填饲组SCD5和ELOVL6的mRNA表达量均高于对照组,而SREBP2在填饲组的mRNA表达量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).综合各项指标,填饲引起鹅肝脏组织SCD5、SREBP2和ELOVL6甲基化水平降低,SCD5和ELOVL6 mRNA表达量上升,SREBP2的mRNA表达量降低,表明SCD5和ELOVL6的甲基化修饰对mRNA的表达起反向调控的作用.本实验结果为表观遗传学上DNA甲基化研究方法提供参考,为选育鹅肥肝高产高质系提供重要的分子遗传学依据,也为人类肥胖症和脂肪肝等代谢疾病的研究提供理论依据.     

鹅细小病毒非结构蛋白和结构蛋白的二级结构及B细胞抗原表位预测

利用DNAStar软件包中的Editseq将GPV H1株非结构蛋白和结构蛋白核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸序列,然后利用Protean软件进行氨基酸序列分析,分别预测结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的二级结构及B细胞抗原表位。结果表明,GPVH1株非结构蛋白和结构蛋白具有丰富的二级结构和多处抗原指数较高的区段,其中非结构蛋白的NS2和结构蛋白的VP3含有较多的潜在的B细胞优势抗原表位。     

Partial fishmeal replacement by mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐fishmeal diets for juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis): Growth,digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fishmeal with mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐FM diet on growth performance, body composition, digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression in juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). The results showed that no significant changes in SGR, FE and PER were observed between MM₄₀ and LFM groups, but significantly reduced result was found in MBM₄₀ group. MM₄₀ group showed the higher ADC of lipid (93.30%) and lipase activity (95.00 U/gprot) than LFM group (90.97%; 70.18 U/gprot). MM₄₀ or MBM₄₀ diets led to significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities. MM₄₀ group showed significantly higher MDA level (5.84 nmol/mg) than LFM group (4.73 nmol/mg). The activities of LZM decreased significantly in MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups compared with LFM group. MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups showed no significant difference in hepatic IGF‐I gene expression levels compared with LFM group. The findings demonstrated that MM could substitute 400 g/kg of FM in low‐FM diet for Ussuri catfish without influencing the growth, but to some extent, spontaneous oxidative stress and immune damage could occur; when 400 g/kg of FM was replaced by MBM, significantly negative effects were observed on growth, antioxidant capacity and non‐specific immune response of Ussuri catfish.     

水稻辐射诱变突变体的种子蛋白质成分分析

为了改良水稻品种的品质性状,利用60Coγ-射线为诱变源,对粳稻品种Koshihikari种子进行了辐照处理,通过改良的单粒种子法对种子蛋白质的含量和组成进行了SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting分析,筛选到了72个种子蛋白突变体,表明诱变后在种子蛋白的含量和组成成分方面有丰富的变异.为揭示水稻贮藏蛋白积累机制和开发新类型稻米种质提供了基础材料.     

Development of an in vitro model to assess protein bioavailability in diets for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

An in vitro model designed to assess protein bioavailability in diets for growing Octopus was developed. The model required a previous assessment of some functional features of protein digestion in this species like the main producing organs, optimum pH for activity and total production per g tissue. The main producing organs identified were the salivary glands and the hepatopancreas (HP), being optimum pH for protease activity quite different in both organs (mostly alkaline in the posterior salivary glands and acid in the HP). In spite of the high‐specific protease activity measured in the salivary glands, a major role of the HP in protein hydrolysis is suggested due to the much bigger size of this viscera. All this information was used as a basis to develop an in vitro two‐step hydrolysis process, which simulated protein hydrolysis performed by these two organs using the Octopus enzymes. The assay was used to evaluate differences in amino acid bioavailability from several protein sources (casein, gelatin, fish meal, squid meal and krill meal) that could be used as feed ingredients for this species. As significant differences were detected both in total amount and in rate of release of the amino acids from such proteins, the model is proposed as a complementary tool in the selection and nutritional evaluation of protein ingredients to be used in diets for Octopus.     

The Distribution of Soluble Copper- and Zinc-Binding Proteins in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Copper-Poisoned Goats

The distribution of copper and zinc among the soluble proteins in the liver and kidney from chronic copper-poisoned goats was examined after gel filtration of the proteins. The concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney cortex from five experimentally copper-poisoned goats were: 550–810 µg/g liver and 190–420 µg/g kidney cortex (wet weight). In general the copper-binding proteins from, both the liver and kidney samples were separated into two different fractions with approximate molecular weights (m.w.) of > 65,000 and 10,000, respectively. From the liver samples, varying amounts of copper were eluted in a fourth fraction with m.w. < 2,000. In the majority of kidney samples the dominating copper-binding protein fraction was the high molecular weight fraction. Absolute amounts of copper recovered in the metallothionein-like protein fraction were nearly the samt for all samples investigated. The distribution of zinc-binding proteins in both liver and kidney samples was nearly the same. The high molecular weight fraction dominated, and no zinc was bound to metallothionein-like proteins.     

平欧杂种榛果仁发育中维生素C含量特征

以3个7a生平欧杂种榛为试材,研究榛果发育中果仁维生素C含量变化及成因。结果表明:果仁发育前期和中期,果仁中维生素C含量增加;果仁发育后期,果仁中维生素C含量下降。维生素C可促进可溶性总糖的积累,维生素C和粗脂肪以及粗蛋白质之间存在正相关关系。