GIC-Ⅲ型日光温室智能监控系统的研制与应用

基于MCS—51单片机开发了适合我国东北地区特点的GIC-Ⅲ型日光温室智能监控系统。该系统运用传感器技术、自动检测技术和通讯技术实现对日光温室温度、湿度、光照度、CO2浓度的采集、存储、显示、监测和控制,同时能为PC机提供各温室因子的历史数据记录,为有关人员进行作物生产分析研究提供方便。     

新疆陆地棉胚状体发生高效再生体系的建立

对新疆两个陆地棉品种胚状体发生及植株再生研究的结果表明：胚状体发生、萌发、成苗各阶段，品种问存在明显差异。新陆早1号、新陆早7号正常植株率最高分别达657％，85．7％。在胚状体发生、发育不同阶段，激素的调控作用因品种而异。异常胚是转化为正常再生植株的有效途径，异胚转化率可达47．7％。移栽基质研究表明，移栽前期选用拉卡粒，中后期转入混合土：珍珠岩=1：1的移栽基质中再生植株生长最好，再生植株移栽成活率达81．0％。建立了两个品种的胚状体发生高效再生体系。     

不同质地土壤对玉米根系生长动态的影响

 采用池栽方式对轻壤土、中壤土和轻粘土上玉米根系状况进行了研究。结果表明,3种质地土壤对玉米根系的形态、分布、生长具有很大影响。玉米根系弯曲度、平均根径的大小均为轻粘土＞中壤土＞轻壤土,轻壤土中玉米根系上部有更多的支根但下部支根较少;拔节期,玉米根系的垂直和水平分布在轻壤土中范围最广,轻粘土中最小。大喇叭口期之后3种质地土壤玉米根系的分布范围无明显差异。轻壤土、中壤土、轻粘土随着土壤中物理性粘粒的增加,根量在上层土壤中所占的比例加大。轻壤土中玉米根系生长表现为"早发早衰",拔节期前,根系生长速率大于中壤土和轻粘土,吐丝期根量达到最大值,之后开始衰老。轻粘土玉米的根系则呈现出"晚发晚衰",拔节期前根系生长缓慢,灌浆期根量才达到最大值,灌浆至成熟期根系衰老的速率远小于轻壤土和中壤土。中壤土中根系在玉米整个生育期平均生长速率和根量的最大值显著高于轻壤土和轻粘土。     

黄麻DNA提取与RAPD反应体系的建立

以假黄麻、假长果、越南圆果 (圆果种黄麻 )等为材料 ,研究了黄麻 DNA的提取方法以及对 RAPD分析的影响因素 ,包括模板浓度、Mg2 + 、d NTP、引物和 Taq酶等 ,建立了适于黄麻种质 RAPD分析的 PCR反应体系 .即在 2 5μL反应体积中 ,Tris- HCl(p H8.0 )、KCl、Mg Cl2 、d NTP、随机引物的浓度分别为 10 mmol· L-1、5 0mmol·L-1、2 .5 mmol· L-1、15 0 μmol· L-1、0 .2 μmol· L-1,并含有 30 - 60 ng DNA与 1.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶 .扩增程序为 :94℃预变性 5 min;然后 94℃ 30 s,37℃ 1.5 min,72℃ 1min,4 1个循环 ;最后 72℃延伸 7mi     

马铃薯原生质体培养体系改良

试验以马铃薯试管苗叶片为原生质体来源，通过研究材料预处理方法对原生质体产量和质量的影响，培养方式及培养基中糖醇与细胞分裂的愈伤组织形成的关系，优化并建立了高效稳定的原生质体培养体系，获得了2个双单倍体系的叶肉原生质体再生植株。     

关于农业产业化经营的理论与政策问题

目前，农业产业化经营发展变化很快，出现了许多新情况、新问题，需要我们从理论上加深认识，在政策上作出调整。农业产业化经营要以市场为龙头。要充分发挥企业家在农业产业化经营中的骨干作用。要形成以市场为导向的农业产业化经营的利益机制。要运用不断创新的知识经济促进农业产业化经营上新台阶。要改革管理机构和体制，转变职能和工作方式，促进农业产业化经营的健康发展。     

福建土壤对酸沉降的相对敏感性评价与区划

选择母岩、土壤类型、土地利用和降雨量 4个生态因子 ,应用半定量化方法对其进行类目划分和权重 ,综合评价了福建省土壤对酸沉降的相对敏感性 ,并应用地理信息系统进行了区划 .由于福建省风化缓慢的硅质岩所占的比例较大 ,土壤大多呈酸性至微酸性反应 ,降水丰富 ,加之针叶林面积大 ,所以全省有 60 %以上面积的土壤显示出较大的敏感性等级 (5～ 7级 )     

Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients,water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China

Excessive tillage compromises soil quality by causing severe water shortages that can lead to crop failure. Reports on the effects of conservation tillage on major soil nutrients, water use efficiency and gain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed regions in the North China Plain are relatively scarce. In this work, four tillage approaches were tested from 2004 to 2012 in a randomized study performed in triplicate: one conventional tillage and three conservation tillage experiments with straw mulching (no tillage during wheat and maize seasons, subsoiling during the maize season but no tillage during the wheat season, and ridge planting during both wheat and maize seasons). Compared with conventional tillage, by 2012, eight years of conservation tillage treatments (no tillage, subsoiling and ridge planting) resulted in a significant increase in available phosphorus in topsoil (0–0.20 m), by 3.8%, 37.8% and 36.9%, respectively. Soil available potassium was also increased following conservation tillage, by 13.6%, 37.5% and 25.0%, and soil organic matter by 0.17%, 5.65% and 4.77%, while soil total nitrogen was altered by −2.33%, 4.21% and 1.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, all three conservation tillage approaches increased water use efficiency, by 19.1–28.4% (average 24.6%), 10.1–23.8% (average 15.9%) and 11.2–20.7% (average 15.7%) in wheat, maize and annual, respectively. Additionally, wheat yield was increased by 7.9–12.0% (average 10.3%), maize yield by 13.4–24.6% (average 17.4%) and rotation annual yield by 12.3–16.9% (average 14.1%). Overall, our findings demonstrate that subsoiling and ridge planting with straw mulching performed better than conventional tillage for enhancing major soil nutrients and improving grain yield and water use efficiency in rainfed regions in the North China Plain.     

Use of Canopy Temperature Measurements as a Screening Tool for Drought Tolerance in Spring Wheat

Remotely sensed infrared canopy temperatures provide an efficient method for rapid, non-destructive monitoring of whole-plant response to water stress. Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the potential for using canopy temperatures to screen for drought tolerance in wheat. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under two irrigation levels (well-watered and moisture-stressed) imposed between tillering and anthesis with a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Canopy temperature measurements were taken in well-watered and moisture-stressed plots between 1330 and 1430 h (MDT) on five clear days in 1992 and seven clear days in 1993 during the late vegetative and early reproductive growth periods following closure of the plant canopy. Genotypes exhibited differences in mean canopy temperatures across the two irrigation levels and two years. Klasic consistently had the highest canopy temperature under moisture-stressed conditions, while Bannock and Pondera had the lowest. Bannock, Yecora Rojo and Klasic had the warmest canopies under well-watered conditions, while Vandal, Amidon and Rick had the coolest. Plot-to-plot variation in canopy temperature under water stress conditions was evident for differences in grain yield. Significant correlations between canopy temperature and yield under moisture-stress conditions and drought susceptibility index values indicated the potential for screening wheat genotypes for drought response.     

经济植物篱模式在坡耕地上的试验示范研究

坡耕地经济植物篱技术把水土保持和农民的增产增收相结合,是山地治理的有效方法,具有省资省劳、简单适用、操作方便、自然梯化等特点,形成了新的、农民欢迎的、可持续的坡耕地农林间作生产体系。在这种坡地耕作制度中,除了植物篱本身的牧草和果树的效益外,篱间种植的矮秆作物,如土烟、马铃薯、花生(黄豆)、辣椒和油菜等,在果树未产生效益前,结合牧草能产生近期经济效益;待果树进入盛果期,果树的经济效益会更高。这种经济植物篱的组合模式在贵州山区坡耕地上有较大的推广应用价值。