安徽桑树品种全基因组DNA提取方法研究

旨在获得一种高效、稳定、廉价的DNA提取方法。以安徽桑树品种嫩叶为材料,以CTAB法提取其基因组DNA,并用紫外分光光度计、凝胶电泳、PCR 扩增等方法进行鉴定。研究结果表明：提取的DNAA260/A280比值在1.80~1.90 之间,DNA得率约为0.187~0.275 μg/mg,以提取的DNA为模版,PCR能够获得清晰的目的条带。证明CTAB法提取的DNA质量较好,能满足后续分子生物学操作的需要。     

鸡4种主要RNA病毒病多重感染复合PCR检测方法的建立

依据Gen Bank中注册的禽流感病毒(AIV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)基因组核苷酸序列,通过序列比对获得AIV、IBV、NDV、IBDV的相对保守序列。根据每种病毒的保守序列利用生物学软件分别设计3对特异性引物,4种病毒共设计12对引物,并对12对引物进行模拟筛选,获得匹配最佳的4对引物。对获得的最佳匹配引物进行单项PCR验证,优化复合PCR反应条件,确定最佳的退火温度、引物浓度和Taq DNA聚合酶使用量;经特异性、敏感性及简化PCR试验,最终建立了简易复合PCR检测方法。结果表明,建立的检测方法可同时扩增出4条大小与设计相符的特异性片段,即IBV(146 bp)、NDV(215 bp)、IBDV(345 bp)、AIV(435 bp);建立的复合PCR方法具有较强的敏感性和特异性,能检测出100 pg AIV、IBV、IBDV的cDNA和100 fgNDV的cDNA;将三温热循环改进为二温热循环,即将退火和延伸过程合为一步(62℃),大大缩短了反应时间。     

猪细环病毒2型荧光定量PCR检测方法的优化

[目的]优化1种猪细环病毒2型(TTSuV2)的荧光定量PCR检测方法.[方法]对原有引物进行调整设计,以原有重组质粒为模板来重新进行检测TTSuV2 DNA的SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time PCR扩增.[结果]新的TTSuV2 SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR的扩增效率为99.3％,标准曲线的决定系数为0.998,可准确检测的最低核酸模板浓度为50 copies/μL.与原方法相比较,新方法在熔解曲线、特异性、重复性方面都非常接近,但在扩增曲线方面得到明显改善,其可准确定量检测的灵敏度提高了至少10倍以上,临床检测数据也更加准确可靠.[结论]建立了一种新的准确灵敏度更高的定量检测TTSuV2的荧光定量PCR方法.     

红褐色乌苏里貉与野生型乌苏里貉Agouti基因的克隆及表达水平分析

本试验选取野生型乌苏里貉和红褐色乌苏里貉为研究对象,克隆得到长为395bp的Agouti基因的CDS序列,分析两种貉Agouti基因的多态性及与其它物种的同源性并利用荧光定量PCR技术对Agouti基因在2种毛色貉中的mRNA表达水平进行了分析.结果表明:红褐色乌苏里貉Agouti基因编码序列的在130 bp碱基由G突变为T,导致其编码的氨基酸由色氨酸变为甘氨酸.红褐色乌苏里貉Agouti基因编码序列与犬、家猫、黑猩猩、野猪、马、绵羊的同源性分别为99.49％,87.50％,86.47％,85.71％,85.82％,85.82％.利用SPSS软件进行独立样本t检验,结果表明Agouti基因在2种貉皮肤组织中均可稳定表达,利用F=(1+E)-△△Ct计算可知Agouti基因在红褐色乌苏里貉中的表达量是野生型乌苏里貉的1.09倍,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

环介导等温扩增（LAMP）技术检测蜜蜂球囊菌

【目的】建立一种快速、灵敏的检测蜜蜂球囊菌（Ascosphaera apis）的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)方法,为监测和防治蜜蜂白垩病提供技术支撑。【方法】根据蜜蜂球囊菌特异性序列ITS区,用在线引物设计软件PrimerExplorer V4.0设计并合成4条特异性引物A.apis-F3 (5′-ACATTGCGCCCTCTGGTA-3′)、A.apis-B3 (5′-TGGTTAGACCGGACAGTCG-3′)、A.apis-FIP (5′-TAAGACGGGACGATCGCCC AACCTGTCCGAGCGTCATTG-3′)和 A.apis-BIP (5′-GAAAGGCAGTGACGGCGTCGGGCCACTAGAGCGAAAGAC-3′),进行LAMP扩增试验,分别设置Mg²⁺终浓度为0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14 mmol·L^-1, dNPTs终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8 mmol·L^-1, 内引物FIB/BIF终浓度为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8 mmol?L^-1,甜菜碱终浓度分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 mol·L^-1,反应温度为58、60、63、65℃,反应时间分别为30、40、50、60 min,并利用实时浊度仪测定浊度值和扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳来检测LAMP反应的结果,确定优化的LAMP检测体系。以东方蜜蜂微孢子虫（Nosema ceranae）、蜜蜂微孢子虫（Nosema apis）、蜜蜂残翅病毒（Deformed wing virus,DWV）、蜜蜂囊状幼虫病毒（Sacbrood virus,SBV）、黑蜂王台病毒（Black queen cell virus,BQCV）和以色列急性麻痹病毒（Israel acute paralysis virus,IAPV）基因组为模板进行特异性验证。并用PvuⅠ酶切验证产物,最终确定LAMP反应体系的准确性;进而通过将蜜蜂球囊菌基因组DNA进行10倍梯度稀释,分别获得DNA浓度0.2231、0.2231×10^-1、0.2231×10^-2、0.2231×10^-3、0.2231×10^-4、02231×10^-5、0.2231×10^-6、0.2231×10^-7、0.2231×10^-8 μg·μL^-1作为模板,比较LAMP和普通PCR检测灵敏度,并检测验证该技术在临床应用上的可行性。【结果】建立了一种特异检测蜜蜂球囊菌的方法,反应条件优化后的检测体系为4 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、1.2 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs、1.6 mmol·L^-1 FIP/BIP、0.4 mol·L^-1甜菜碱,并在63℃反应60 min可完成检测。选用蜜蜂球囊菌、东方蜜蜂微孢子虫、蜜蜂微孢子虫、蜜蜂残翅病毒、蜜蜂囊状幼虫病毒、黑蜂王台病毒和以色列急性麻痹病毒的基因组作为LAMP反应模板进行特异性检测,结果显示仅有蜜蜂球囊菌有扩增曲线和梯状条带,建立的LAMP检测体系有很好的特异性。将蜜蜂球囊菌基因组DNA浓度0.2231、0.2231×10^-1、0.2231×10^-2、0.2231×10^-3、0.2231×10^-4、0.2231×10^-5 μg·μL^-1作为模板进行PCR反应后,检测结果为阳性,随DNA浓度降低,电泳检测不能观察到PCR的扩增产物。进行LAMP反应时,浊度曲线和电泳条带显示可检测DNA浓度为0.2231×10^-6 μg·μL^-1。LAMP每反应检出量比PCR高10倍,并且方法简单、节省时间。【结论】成功建立了准确、快速、低成本的LAMP检测蜜蜂球囊菌技术,为相关研究和应用提供了技术支持。     

Quantitative trait loci associated with lodging tolerance in soybean cultivar ‘Toyoharuka’

Lodging tolerance (LT) is an important trait for high yield and combine-harvesting efficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Many previous studies have investigated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lodging score (LS) in soybean. Most of the investigated QTLs were located in the proximal region of maturity or growth habit loci. The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors for LT not associated with maturity or growth habit. QTL analysis was performed using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between ‘Toyoharuka’ (TH), a lodging-tolerant cultivar, and ‘Toyomusume’ (TM). The genotypes of TH and TM were estimated as both e1e2E3E4 and dt1. The average LS over 4 years was used for QTL analysis, identifying a major and stable QTL, qLS19-1, on chromosome 19. The LS of the near-isogenic line (NIL) with the TH allele at Sat_099, the nearest marker to qLS19-1, was significantly lower than the NIL with the TM allele at that position. The TH allele at Sat_099 rarely had a negative influence on seed yield or other agronomic traits in both NILs and the TM-backcrossed lines. Our results suggest that marker-assisted selection for qLS19-1 is effective for improving LT in breeding programs.     

Development of a SNLP marker from the Pi-ta blast resistance gene by tri-primer PCR

The Pi-ta gene from indica introgressed into japonica rice has been used to control the blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr. (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) worldwide. A single nucleotide length polymorphism (SNLP) was identified at the intron region of the Pi-ta gene to develop a codominant Pi-ta gene marker suitable for genotyping with an automated machine. The DNA primer specific to the resistant Pi-taallele was labeled with blue dye (FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein) as a forward primer, the DNA primer specific to the susceptible pi-ta allele was labeled with green dye (HEX, 4,7,2′,4′,5′,7′-hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein) as another forward primer and the DNA primer identical to both Pi-ta/pi-ta alleles was unlabeled as the reverse primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using these three primers, a 181-bp blue peak in homozygous resistant and a green peak of 182–183 bp in homozygous susceptible, and both peaks in heterozygous plants were produced by PCR. The utility of marker was verified using a segregating F₂ population, inbred cultivated lines, dominant markers and pathogenicity testing. A codominant Pi-ta marker was thus developed for effective Pi-ta assisted selection for crop improvement. Using highly homologous competitive primers for allele detection by PCR can benefit the study of genome organization of the complex locus. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) is one of the most serious tobacco diseases in the world. Studies have shown that tobacco resistance to TBW is quantitatively inherited. This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring TBW resistance. An F_2 : 3 population containing 237 lines was developed from a cross between two flue‐cured tobacco cultivars, ‘Yanyan 97’ (YY97; moderately resistant to TBW) and ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ (HD; highly susceptible to TBW), and a linkage map consisting of 201 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and spanning a total length of 2326.7 cM was constructed based on the population. Field experiments were conducted 2011 and 2012, and disease symptoms were investigated three times in each year. The phenotypic data were analysed either separately or jointly for QTL mapping using the software QTLNetwork 2.1. Eight QTL with significant main effects were mapped on chromosomes 2, 6, 12, 17 and 24. A major QTL (qBWR17a) was detected on chromosome 17, which explained up to 30% of the phenotypic variation. The results can facilitate marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in TBW resistance breeding programme.     

牡丹类psDHN-YSK2基因全长cDNA的克隆与表达分析

为了获得牡丹类脱水素基因的全长cDNA序列,推测其在休眠解除进程中的生物学功能,以不同低温处理时间的牡丹花芽为供试材料,末端快速扩增方法克隆全长cDNA序列,实时定量PCR分析其表达模式。结果表明牡丹类脱水素基因全长cDNA序列为1187 bp,包括831 bp的开放阅读框,114 bp的5’非编码区和242 bp的3’非编码区。其编码的蛋白具有两个植物脱水素蛋白特征性K片段,根据Close的分类方法,属于YSK2类脱水素蛋白。系统发生分析表明psDHN-YSK2基因与葡萄亲缘关系最近。在花芽内休眠解除前期随着低温处理时间的延长psDHN-YSK2表达呈上调趋势。本研究克隆了牡丹psDHN-YSK2的全长cDNA序列,分析了其在花芽内休眠解除过程的表达趋势,暗示了其参与了牡丹花芽的内休眠过程。     

苏太猪肌内脂肪沉积相关基因SRC-1的差异显示反转录PCR鉴定

采取90头180日龄去势苏太猪的背最长肌组织测定肌内脂肪含量,从中选取肌内脂肪含量差异极显著(P<0.01)的最高和最低各6头组成RNA 池,采用差异显示反转录PCR(DDRT-PCR)鉴定两组间差异表达的基因,结果共获得14条表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags),即EST序列,通过GenBank比对发现其中3条为已知序列.为进一步验证这3个已知基因与肌内脂肪之间的关系,从90个个体中选取肌内脂肪最高和最低各15个个体进行实时定量PCR检测.结果表明,细胞核受体共激活因子1基因(SRC-1)mRNA表达水平与肌内脂肪含量存在负相关关系(r=-0.38,P<0.05).提示:SRC-1蛋白有可能参与了肌内脂肪沉积的调节.