COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA IN A DOG

A dog with aspiration pneumonia was examined by computed tomography (CT) with 8-mm continuous scans of the chest. The results demonstrated that CT is a useful procedure for evaluating pneumonia, although high cost prevents its routine use. A normal littermate was examined, and normal structures of the chest and chest wall were compared.     

沙田柚辐射少核突变体的研究初报

￣（６０）（Ｃｏ－γ）射线辐照沙田柚芽条诱发少核突变的适宜剂量为４～５ＫＲ。利用易位杂合体产生的配子一半是不育的原理，筛选出５个花粉败育率在３０％以上，能够遗传的少核突变体。败育花粉的特征是花粉粒小，超微结构异常。     

Bone mineral changes in dairy cows. The effect of low and high calcium feeding during late pregnancy and at parturition

The bone mineral content in two coccygeal vertebrae of 16 cows of Swedish Red and White Breed was measured with dichromatic photon absorptiometry during the period nine weeks prepartum to one week postpartum. For eight weeks before calving eight cows received 37 g Ca and 50 g P/day and the other eight, 76 g Ca and 50 g P/day. The mean bone mineral changes of the cows on the low Ca ration did not change. The cows on the high Ca ration had a slight increase (4 %) in bone mineral content to some days before calving. The postpartum bone mineral changes were, however, lower than the one prepartum. There was no significant difference between the mean bone mineral changes of the two groups.     

RADIOGRAPHIC PROTOCOL AND NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE HIND FEET IN THE WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM)

Foot pathology is a common and important health concern in captive rhinoceroses worldwide, but osteopathologies are rarely diagnosed, partly because of a lack of radiographic protocols. Here, we aimed to develop the first radiographic protocol for rhinoceros feet and describe the radiographic anatomy of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) hind foot (pes). Computed tomographic images were obtained of nine cadaver pedes from seven different white rhinoceroses and assessed for pathology. A single foot deemed free of pathology was radiographed using a range of different projections and exposures to determine the best protocol. 3D models were produced from the CT images and were displayed with the real radiographs to describe the normal radiographic anatomy of the white rhinoceros pes. An optimal radiographic projection was determined for each bone in the rhinoceros pes focusing on highlighting areas where pathology has been previously described. The projections deemed to be most useful were D60Pr‐PlDiO (digit III), D45Pr45M‐PlDiLO (digit II), and D40Pr35L‐PlDiLO (digit IV). The primary beam was centered 5–7 cm proximal to the cuticle on the digit of interest. Articular surfaces, ridges, grooves, tubercles, processes and fossae were identified. The radiographic protocol we have developed along with the normal radiographic anatomy we have described will allow for more accessible and effective diagnosis of white rhinoceros foot osteopathologies.     

剪切标志鲤科鱼类背鳍软条的组织学观察

对７种鲤科鱼类（草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、团头鲂、鲤鱼、银鲫）采用剪断背鳍软条的方法作标志，约２个月后伤口处形成一节瘤状突起。根据组织学观察，瘤状突是一个坚硬的骨头，鱼经６１４天饲养，该标志性硬突不会消失。     

Dissolution of organohetallic complexes and silica from the clay fraction of podzolic soils

Abstract

The Ae, Bhf and Bf horizons of two podzolic soils from the Appalachian and Laurentian Highlands were treated with various reagents to remove the amorphous material prior to X‐ray diffraction analysis. Treatments were Na citrate, NaOH, Tiron, DCB and modified DCB, with a lower solid:liquid ratio. Samples treated with NaOH, Tiron and DCB were subsequently extracted with citrate. The latter extraction was necessary to remove Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ that was not solubilized in the first treatment. The effectiveness of the reagents to extract SiO₂, Al₂0₃ and Fe₂O₃ decreased in the following order:

DCB 1:1 > Tiron = DCB > citrate > NaOH

The total weight loss of the samples represented about 1.8 times the sum of the oxides and reached up to 70% of the Laurentian Bf sample. Organic matter accounted for a part of the weight loss and its removal was more complete in the less crystalline samples of the Laurentian profile. Tiron was the best reagent to improve the X‐ray diffraction patterns, closely followed by DCB 1:1 treatment.

Removal of amorphous material and organic matter resulted in a decrease of the cation exchange capacity of the clay fraction, from a maximum of 73.5 meq / 100 g in the Laurentian profile to a minimum of 3.2 meq / 100 g in the Appalachian profile.

The results suggested that in the Laurentian profile, very poorly crystallized minerals possibly contributed to a part of the extracted material.     

射线组织径向变异及其贮藏功能研究进展

无射线结构是部分植物木质部的显著特征,无射线结构特征可分为永久性无射线或暂时性无射线。对于暂时性无射线结构重新分化射线组织的机制尚不清楚。在射线组织的径向变异及其与环境因子关系、射线组织贮藏物质的径向变异和季节动态等方面的研究,目前还存在不一致的结论。未来对射线组织的精确分离将使单独研究射线组织与环境因子之间的关系、射线组织形成的分子生物学机制成为可能,进而揭示木质部射线组织结构形成与功能过程及其对环境的响应。     

大花美人蕉辐射诱变育种研究

[目的]通过60Co-γ射线辐射处理,探讨大花美人蕉的诱变规律,为其新品选育提供参考。[方法]分别设计5个剂量60Co-γ射线处理大花美人蕉种子和根茎,研究对其当代的辐射效应。[结果]大花美人蕉种子发芽率、成苗率、根茎成活率均随着60Co-γ射线辐照剂量的增大而下降,变异率上升,但当剂量超过60Gy时,空变率上升,而且植株辐射受损严重,失去观赏价值。美人蕉根茎辐照处理变异率相对较小,花色、花型没有出现变异,只有花期延迟和株高矮化的变化,且不能遗传。[结论]大花美人蕉种子的适宜辐射剂量为40～60Gy,根茎适宜的辐照剂量为10～20Gy。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中砷、镍、锌的研究

[目的]为重庆土壤污染情况的普查及综合评价提供准确的数据。[方法]采用粉末压片法制样,用X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中砷、镍、锌。[结果]该方法与化学法测定结果进行比较,数据基本一致。当n=10时,相对标准偏差JRSD为0．94％～2．14％。[结论]对于大批土壤样品的定量测定,可以采用该方法进行快速、准确的分析。     

草莓的辐射保鲜

笔者研究了经过γ射线辐照处理的商品草莓在不同贮藏条件下的保鲜期,研究表明2kgy的辐射处理可以有效的消除商品草莓上大部分霉菌的滋生,为草莓的保鲜提供了很好的初始状态,从而延缓草莓腐烂变质速度;2kgy辐照剂量可使密封装商品草莓保鲜期延长到5.5d(室温)和11d(低温),可使非密封装商品草莓保鲜期延长到3.5d(室温)和14d(低温)以上。