黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际微生物群落功能多样性研究

为了解生态恢复过程中土壤微生物功能特征,采用Biolog-Eco微平板法分析了黄土丘陵区人工灌木(柠条 Caragana korshinskii、沙棘 Hippophaer rhamnoides)、人工草地(沙打旺 Astragalus adsurgens、柳枝稷 Panicum virgatum)和天然草地(阿尔泰狗哇花 Heteropappus altaicus、茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaries)的根际微生物碳源代谢多样性特征。结果表明:柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿的根际微生物对糖类的代谢能力显著高于沙棘、沙打旺和柳枝稷;阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿对氨基酸类、酚酸类和聚合物类的代谢能力较高。茵陈蒿和阿尔泰狗哇花的微生物代谢功能多样性高于其他4种植物。柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿具有相似的根际微生物代谢功能。黄土丘陵区植被类型显著影响微生物群落碳源利用能力,天然草地根际微生物群落代谢功能多样性优于人工灌木和人工草地。     

鸡溶菌酶基因3＇端MAR在同源细胞系对基因表达调控的研究

用带有鸡溶菌酶基因增强子（Ｅ）和启动子（Ｐ）的编码细菌氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（ＣＡＴ）的融合基因（ＥＰＣ），在其上游区、下游区或在上游和下游区同时插入鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端核基质附着区（ＭＡＲ）的不同表达载体ＭＥＰＣ、ＥＰＣＭ和ＭＥＰＣＭ，稳定转染鸡ＨＤ１１Ｐｒｏｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅ同源细胞系，筛选不同表达载体稳定整合后的细胞株，检测ＣＡＴ表达水平，确定其表达基因拷贝数，从而分析鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端ＭＡＲ对基因表达的影响。稳定整合表达和瞬时表达实验结果表明，鸡溶菌酶基因３＇端ＭＡＲ在同源细胞系对基因表达没有激活作用，与该基因５＇端ＭＡＲ在同源或异源细胞系中能激活基因表达形成鲜明对照，说明５＇瑞ＭＡＲ和３＇端ＭＡＲ在调节鸡溶菌酶基因表达上存在一种协调关系。     

赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿冻害及其防御技术

敖汉苜蓿在赤峰地区受冻害程度有4种类型;全株未受冻;根颈上端受冻受黑,下端仍能再生新芽;全部根颈和根的部分受冻变黑,已不能再生新芽;全株受冻死亡。引起冻害的主要原因是播种期偏晚,在播种当年生长期短,根颈入土浅。结果表明,越冬前苜蓿必须具有2个以上分枝,根颈入土深>5cm以上,根颈膨大,直径>0.3cm以上者方能减轻或避免受冻。适时早播,施种肥,延长生长期促进幼苗生长,在封冻前对平作进行浅耕覆土或深开沟磨平等措施,均能增加根颈保温层,有效提高苜蓿越冬率。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

涉农高校技术转移中心管理模式研究

针对农业技术的特点,农业科技成果转化有其自身的规律和特征,涉农高校技术转移管 理部门要建立推转一体化的管理模式。以安徽农业大学和江南大学的模式,有效的将横向合同 管理,公益推广体系、知识产权建设及平台搭建有机结合起来。     

Chemical changes of kenaf core binderless boards during hot pressing (I): influence of the pressing temperature condition

Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin, holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important role in the expression of board performance.     

Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH₄, N₂O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha^?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH₄ emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N₂O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO₂-equivalents (CO₂e) and yield-scaled CO₂e (GHGI) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。     

和名著对话与大师同行——“南图阅读节”之启迪

南图阅读节是国内首个以省馆名义举办的阅读节。在活动主体,活动主题,活动内容等方面都有许多创新。文章从6个方面总结了南图阅读节的经验。