长江源区土地沙漠化防治对策与措施

长江源区的土地沙漠化是最严重的生态环境问题。沙漠化土地主要分布于曲麻莱和治多两县境内的通天河阶地及楚玛尔河滩地 ,在玉树、称多县和塘古拉山乡也有分布。在青藏公路的五道粱至二道沟以东的河滩地区 ,有大片流动沙丘分布。在沱沱河口以东有连片的流动沙丘分布 ,其余地区为不连片的零星流动沙丘和沙漠化土地分布 ,长江源区共有沙漠化土地面积 1 9475 .32k 。土地沙漠化的迅速扩展 ,不仅影响本区生态环境 ,同时直接影响着整个流域的社会经济持续发展。根据本区高海拔寒冷的严酷自然条件 ,依科技为先导 ,建立科技示范工程 ,以保护生态环境为主 ,恢复植被与防治沙漠化土地相结合 ,即采取封育保护或建立生态保护区 ,在条件适宜的地区结合补播、治沙造林 ,运用生物和工程相结合的综合防治土地沙漠化的技术措施 ,建立新的生态系统 ,改善生态环境 ,恢复和重建长江源区的生态环境     

悬浮培养在口蹄疫疫苗中的应用

通过生物反应器中进行BHK21细胞悬浮培养并逐级放大,分别接种口蹄疫OJMS/2000株与Asia 1/JSL株,纯化灭活后制备50批疫苗,结果均符合《口蹄疫O型、亚洲I型二价疫苗（OJMS株＋JSL株）制造及检验规程》（以下称规程）所规定的各项标准,病毒146S抗原含量比转瓶培养提高10倍以上、疫苗的不良反应得到进一步改善。     

黑河流域草地资源保护与建设

黑河流域除绿洲地区外有160万hm2的草地,进行草地分户、围栏封育、人工改良草地;牧户按地定畜、优化牧场、推广良种、改良畜群;按草定牧、实行休牧和轮牧;革新观念、子羔出栏、加速出栏周期、保障牧民增收等措施可保护草地资源,加速草地建设,繁荣牧区经济.     

菊苣酸对围产期放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究菊苣酸对放牧牦牛围产期生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选择体况良好、体重接近(195～205kg)的围产期牦牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草,试验组饲喂精料补充料+燕麦青干草+0.15kg/d菊苣酸。试验期60d(从产前30d到产后30d),于产前第15天、产前第7天、分娩当天、产后第7天、产后第15天采集血液,进行相应指标的测定。结果显示:在产后第15天,试验组牦牛血清尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天和产后第7天,试验组牦牛血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在分娩当天,试验组牦牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果,添加菊苣酸能有效缓解围产期放牧牦牛氧化应激状态,提高其抗氧化能力。     

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi

A selective broth enrichment technique was used to study the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in soil and grazing animals. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 54% of soils examined and from the gut contents, rectal faeces and dung of all grazing herbivorous species examined. Rhodococcus equi was not isolated from the faeces or dung of penned animals which did not have access to grazing. The isolation rate from dung was much higher than from other samples and this was found to be due to the ability of R. equi to multiply more readily in dung. Delayed hypersensitivity tests were carried out on horses, sheep and cattle, but only horses reacted significantly. The physiological characteristics of R. equi and the nature of its distribution in the environment suggested that R. equi is a soil organism.     

22份百脉根种质资源表型数量性状的遗传多样性分析

本研究对22份百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)种质资源的11个表型性状指标进行多样性研究分析。结果表明：除种宽外,22份百脉根种质间的表型性状均存在显著变异,表型性状指标变异幅度为12.11%～69.48%,各表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性。主成分分析表明,茎长、株高、冠幅、种子周长、种子长、种子宽和种子长宽比的主成分载荷较高,是造成百脉根种质表型性状差异的主要因素。根据聚类分析将22份百脉根种质分为3个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群种质的种子小,但植株高大,第Ⅱ类群种质的种子小且植株矮小,第Ⅲ类群种质的种子和种荚大但植株矮小。综合评价11和12号这2份种质资源整体表现优良,且归属于第Ⅲ类群,具有种荚和种子较大的特性,可作为选育种子高产品种的目标亲本利用。本研究结果可为百脉根的种质应用和品种选育提供理论参考。     

ANGIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BOVINE FOOT ABNORMALITIES

Angiography of normal and diseased feet in cattle was carried out. In osteomyelitis of distal phalanx there was a narrowing of the digital artery with diminished vascular supply to the affected digit. An area of bone necrosis was found to be avascular. With overgrown hooves, narrowing of both the medial and lateral digital arteries with ill-defined laminar vessels was seen. The vascular pattern in cattle with cork screw claws was characterized by a dilated tortuous digital artery and a crowded arterial network resulting in increased vascular supply in the affected claw. Abrupt stricture of common digital artery, a crowded vascular network in the area of the middle phalanx and filling defects of terminal arches were demonstrated in animals with exostosis