蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的配方优化及稳定性研究

以蓝莓、红树莓为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸等辅料进行复合果汁的配方及稳定性研究。以感官评分为评价指标,根据单因素试验和正交试验结果,得出蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的最优配方为蓝莓汁用量30 g,红树莓汁用量20 g,白砂糖用量10 g。柠檬酸用量0.30 g,加水量100 g。通过筛选,选出适合蓝莓红树莓复合果汁的稳定剂,对选出的稳定剂进行单因素试验和正交试验,确定复配稳定剂的最佳添加量为黄原胶0.02%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.04%,海藻酸钠0.02%。在此配方条件下,研制的复合果汁饮料风味独特、营养丰富、组织状态稳定,并具有保护视力的功效。     

树莓品种‘Kivigold’快繁技术体系建立

以树莓（Rubus idaeus）品种‘Kivigold’带腋芽茎段为外植体,研究消毒剂HgCl2（0.1%）不同的消毒时间对外植体培养的影响,对不定芽增殖培养基和生根培养基中适宜的激素种类及浓度、生根苗移栽驯化中适宜的基质进行了筛选。结果显示,树莓品种‘Kivigold’外植体的最佳消毒时间为10 min,初代培养时只需添加6-BA即可满足外植体萌发和生长的需要;在不定芽增殖过程中,细胞分裂素主要影响不定芽的增殖,而生长素主要影响不定芽的生长,以质量浓度低于1.5 mg/L的6-BA以及质量浓度低于0.5 mg/L的NAA较为适宜,3种碳源中蔗糖更有利于不定芽的增殖和生长;经过进一步的筛选,确定适宜于‘Kivigold’不定芽增殖和生长的培养基为MS+1.00 mg/L 6-BA +0.10 mg/L NAA（含20 g/L蔗糖和5.9 g/L琼脂,pH 5.8）,适宜于‘Kivigold’不定芽生根的培养基为1/2 MS+0.10 mg/L NAA（含20 g/L蔗糖和5.9 g/L琼脂,pH 5.8）;在移栽驯化中最适宜的栽培基质为泥炭土:珍珠岩=1:1,移栽成活率可达到93.33%。     

树莓气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对树莓果实贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,树莓果实最佳气调贮藏条件为CO2≤10％,O2≥5％,在上述气调环境条件下,贮藏20天后树莓果实仍可保持较好的品质质量。     

Isolation of a pure thornless loganberry by meristem tip culture

Summary Thornless Loganberry (TL) is a periclinal chimeral blackberry in which a layer of mutant (thornless) epidermis surrounds a core of wild-type (thorny) tiusse. Due to its chimeral arrangement, TL produces thorny adventitious root cuttings and thorny offspring. To separate the chimera into its components parts, meristems of TL were grow in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog medium to yield callus and adventitious shoots. One of these shoots has survived, flowered, and produced thornless offspring from seed. The importance of this non-chimeral TL is discussed.List of terms BA 6-benzylaminopurine - GA₃ gibberellic acid - NAA naphthalene acetic acid - hybridberry polyploid bramble interspecific hybrids - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) high mineral salt medium - TL Thornless Loganberry - TL_tc tissue culture-derived (non-chimeral) Thornless Loganberry     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

北京地区树莓栽培管理技术

树莓风味独特、营养丰富,是具市场潜质的第3代水果。北京市顺义区从国内外先后引进了40个树莓品种,经过10年的栽培和观察,摸索出一套适宜北京地区树莓栽植的栽培管理技术,并在生产上取得了良好的效果。     

Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small‐fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5–14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact‐mode‐of‐action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small‐fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small‐fruit crops. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

水肥耦合对树莓光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过在田间利用防雨棚和测坑设施进行试验,研究水肥耦合对树莓光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:土壤水分适度时适量增施肥料有利于树莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)提高,控制肥料施入可有效降低树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci);肥料适度时适量提高土壤水分有利于提高树莓叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs),控制土壤含水量有利于树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)降低和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的提高。在施肥水平相同的条件下,适中的土壤含水量有利于果实中有机酸、可溶性糖和SOD营养物质的积累,充足的土壤含水量有利于果实中可溶性固形物和Vc含量的积累。土壤含水量控制在32%以上,施肥量在460.95kg/hm2水平有利于树莓光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)的提高和午休时间的缩短;土壤含水量控制在26.2%以上,施肥量在270kg/hm2水平有利于降低树莓的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高树莓果实品质。     

应用臭氧浓度精准控制熏蒸装置提高树莓贮藏品质

为了明确不同浓度臭氧气体处理对树莓低温贮藏品质的影响,促进臭氧精准控制装置在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用,采用国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津)研制的精准浓度臭氧冷藏熏蒸装置对树莓(品种:海尔特兹Heritage)进行短时臭氧熏蒸处理(4℃,1 h,相对湿度95%),臭氧质量浓度为0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L,熏蒸后树莓置于0℃冷库中贮藏,定期测试不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:臭氧精准控制装置能够在较短时间内达到设定浓度,0.21、0.54、1.07 mg/L的臭氧分别在96、168、240 s时达到,并且臭氧浓度控制精准,精度为0.05 mg/L。不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理均可以显著抑制树莓微生物繁殖(P0.05),1.07 mg/L可使树莓微生物菌落总数降低1.62个数量级。0.21、0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理过的树莓感官品质显著好于对照组(P0.05),能够有效延缓树莓果实维生素C降解,维持可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量,抑制硬度下降,0.54 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓的保鲜效果较佳,1.07 mg/L熏蒸处理对树莓表面造成轻微伤害,反而促进树莓贮藏中的腐烂,降低了营养品质,不利于树莓保鲜。精准控制臭氧浓度,对于明确臭氧处理保鲜效果、调控树莓采后贮藏品质方面具有应用潜力。     

不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

以树莓果实为试材,采用不同质量浓度(0、6.42、12.84、19.26 mg/m³)臭氧熏蒸处理1 h后在(0±0.5)℃的条件下贮藏16 d,探究不同质量浓度的臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：与未处理的对照相比,臭氧处理可使树莓果实保持良好的感官品质,抑制腐烂,延缓果实硬度的下降,保持较高的可溶性固形物含量,提高果实亮度L^*值和a^*值,抑制丙二醛含量的上升。此外,较低质量浓度的臭氧处理有利于维持树莓果实中的总酚含量,其中以6.42 mg/m³臭氧熏蒸处理的保鲜效果最好。