Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.     

ICP-AES法测定黄山名茶中的多种微量元素

用 IRIS Intrepid II XSP ICP全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪,对黄山名茶中 Se、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素进行了测定,通过试验,选择了仪器的最佳分析条件。方法简便快速,精密度和准确度均符合要求。该方法用于实际茶叶样品分析,结果令人满意。     

景谷县植物多样性调查

在分析景谷县的有关植物研究基础后,记载了景谷县森林植被,国家珍稀濒危保护植物,统计了全县植物种类数量,在此基础上分析了主要经济植物资源,并讨论了确定了景谷县森林植物区系敏感区的原则,根据其原则确定景谷县威远江流域、小黑江流域等７个地区为景谷县森林植物区系敏感区。     

Copper,Zinc, and Lead Fractions in Soils Long-Term Irrigated with Municipal Wastewater

Long-term irrigation with municipal wastewater may lead, even in spite of intense farming, to an accumulation of organic matter, nutrient elements, and trace metals in soils. Excessive increases of heavy metals may pose a potential risk to the food chain and provoke restrictions for the further cultivation of sensitive crops. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) forms in soils under long-term irrigation (for 100–120 years) with treated wastewater of Wroclaw were investigated by using selective seven-step sequential extraction (procedure of Zeien-Bruemmer) for partitioning the metals into operationally defined fractions, likely to be released in solution under various environmental conditions. The largest fraction of Cu, Pb, and particularly Zn in nonirrigated (control) soils was strongly bound in a residual form, while the percentage of exchangeable and the most labile fractions were negligible. Total concentration of metals in irrigated soils was elevated, and significant redistribution of metals among phases was observed. Percentages of residual fraction of Cu and Pb were no more than 25% (Zn < 40%), while significantly increased contribution of fractions occluded on iron (Fe) oxides and organically bound Cu. Exchangeable and readily mobile forms of Zn are predominant zinc fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater.     

腐植酸对甘薯吸收利用矿质元素的影响

为探讨腐植酸对甘薯吸收利用矿质元素的影响,并为研究甘薯植株及土壤中矿质元素含量的变化情况,在大田生产条件下施用腐植酸。结果表明：施用腐植酸以后,甘薯对各矿质营养元素的吸收积累量均显著增加,增幅为12.87%~29.84%;矿质元素吸收积累量增加与腐植酸提高了不同生长时期甘薯对矿质元素的吸收速率有关,生长后期的吸收速率增幅最大。同时,施用腐植酸提高了收获期土壤中有效P、Ca、Mg和K元素的含量;使N、K、Ca、S、B和Cu的块根生产效率显著提高。施用腐植酸可以改善甘薯的矿质营养条件、提高部分矿质元素的块根生产效率。     

典型黑土pH值变化对营养元素有效态含量的影响研究

采用室内培养实验的方法,控制典型黑土样品的酸碱度值,探讨典型黑土中Cu、Zn、Mn、P和Fe等营养元素有效态含量与pH值的关系。结果表明:pH值变化0.5个单位左右,有效态铜含量变化约0.5～1倍;有效态锰含量变化约3～5倍;有效态锌含量变化9～15倍之多;有效态磷含量变化约1.5～2倍;有效态铁含量变化约3～4倍。说明精确掌握土壤的酸碱度值对于土壤诊断、合理施肥、提高作物产量和实现土地的可持续利用都具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

低浓度镉对大白菜苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响研究

在实验室用水培模拟轻度污染土壤,研究低浓度 Cd(5 1.μmol/L)对不同Cd耐性的4个大白菜品种苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响.结果表明,低浓度Cd对耐性强的品种的生长有促进作用,对耐性差的品种的生长有抑制作用.5umol几Cd显著促进大白菜根系对S、Cu的吸收,分别增加22.0%～58.0%、45.9%～116.0%,但抑制S、Cu向地上部转运;大白菜地上部K、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量受到Cd的较强抑制,且抑制程度存在品种差异.     

甘薯矿质元素吸收与分配特性研究

在大田条件下,研究了甘薯品种北京553不同时期不同器官干物质的积累与分配规律,并分析其中各矿质元素含量的变化情况。结果表明,甘薯干物质前期积累少,中后期快速积累,并逐渐由地上部转移至块根中。各矿质元素在甘薯不同器官的积累量随植株生长而增加,但分配率不同,前期各元素集中于地上部,中后期逐渐转移至块根中。甘薯一生吸收最多的元素是氮、钾和钙,其中氮和钙主要在前中期积累且分布在地上部,钾则主要在中后期积累且分布于块根。微量元素中,甘薯对铁的需求较大,主要时期是生长中期并多分布于地上部。单位产量的需肥规律与矿质元素的吸收规律一致,可以根据需肥规律来指导生产,合理施肥。     

CO2浓度升高对农作物品质影响的研究进展

农作物品质受农作物遗传发育特征和环境因素的双重影响。在相似的遗传背景条件下,CO2浓度持续升高影响农作物中碳水化合物合成、有益和有害元素吸收的权重逐渐加大,从而引发所谓的“隐形饥饿”和农产品卫生品质下降。本文在回顾国内外有关CO2浓度升高影响农作物中碳水化和物合成、有益和有害成分吸收研究的基础上,结合本团队近年的研究结果,提出：随着产地环境污染由局部向整体扩延,CO2浓度持续升高对农作物卫生品质的潜在影响不断加剧,包括增加或减少农作物对有毒有害物质的吸收;强化农作物对土壤中有益或有害物质的非均衡吸收等。本文还对比了目前国内外CO2浓度升高对农作物品质影响研究的常用手段与方法,并对相关研究结果的差异进行了分析,着重指出这一研究方向今后工作的重点。     

细胞转化牛膝的质量分析

本研究用薄层扫描法和原子吸收分光光度法对细胞转化牛膝和天然怀牛膝进行了齐墩果酸和微量元素分析。结果表明，与天然怀牛膝相比，细胞转化牛膝的齐墩果酸含量略低(1．43％)，钙、镁、铜、铁、锌含量明显偏低，而锰含量偏高。