比较研究固态发酵菜籽粕和菜籽粕对生长肉兔的营养价值

本研究旨在通过消化试验比较固态发酵菜籽粕(SFRSM)与菜籽粕(RSM)在生长肉兔上的营养价值,为家兔饲料原料数据库提供基础数据。在测定SFRSM和RSM化学组成的基础上,将36只42日龄、遗传背景相同的健康法国伊拉商品兔按体重相近原则随机分为3组(每组12只),饲养于粪尿可分开的代谢笼中,每笼1只,分别饲喂1种基础饲粮和2种试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%SFRSM或RSM),进行体内消化试验。试验期11 d(预试期7 d,收集期4 d)。结果显示:1)与RSM相比,SFRSM的粗纤维(CF)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和异硫氰酸酯(ITC)含量极显著降低(P0.01),其他常规营养成分[除中性洗涤纤维(NDF)外]和小肽含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);各氨基酸含量不同程度提高,其中精氨酸(Arg)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、组氨酸(His)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、脯氨酸(Pro)和丝氨酸(Ser)含量达极显著水平(P0.01)。2)与RSM相比,SFRSM的消化能(DE)值(14.97 MJ/kg DM)提高了34.3%(P0.01);总能(GE)、粗蛋白质(CP)、ADF、NDF、钙(Ca)和总磷(TP)全肠表观消化率也有所提高(P0.05);各氨基酸全肠表观消化率不同程度提高,其中Asp、半胱氨酸(Cys)、甘氨酸(Gly)、Ile、酪氨酸(Tyr)和缬氨酸(Val)全肠表观消化率达显著或极显著水平(P0.05或P0.01)。总体而言,SFRSM对生长肉兔的营养价值高于RSM。     

Melatonin supplement induced the hair follicle development in offspring rex rabbits

Previous studies have shown that the administration of melatonin (MT) to early post-natal fur-bearing animals increases the numbers of hair follicles (HFs). In this study, the effect of maternal MT supplementation on the HF development in offspring was investigated. To explore the potential underlying mechanisms, the expression of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene was determined in the offspring. The Rex rabbit was the animal model, and 79 same-day-pregnancy females were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 39) or MT treatment (n = 40) group, and 10 mg MT microcapsules was implanted at the base of the neck of rabbits in the treatment group. Skin, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, heart and duodenum samples were collected from the newborn rabbits. The results showed that MT improved fur quality in the offspring rabbits by reducing the diameter of primary and secondary HFs, and increasing the HF population. MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits, and it did affect the blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and MT. In the offspring rabbits, MT significantly stimulated MTNR1A gene expression in the skin and heart (p < .01), whereas MTNR1A gene expression was significantly suppressed in the liver and kidney (p < .05). These results revealed that maternal MT supplementation increased HF density, reduced hairiness and improved the fur quality in Rex rabbit offspring. Maternal MT supply may modulate the responses of HFs in the offspring by upregulating the expression of MTNR1A in the skin. In this study, implantation of low-dose MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits or on the growth of their offspring.     

Rhinotomy and Rhinostomy for Surgical Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis in Two Rabbits

Chronic rhinitis is a frustrating disease presentation in rabbits for veterinarians to treat and is often characterized by failure to respond to therapy and reoccurrence. Treatment failure of rabbit chronic rhinitis cases may be due to the presence of foreign material and/or bacterial granulomas with or without bony destruction. For these patients, surgical intervention for the purpose of debridement and flushing of the affected nasal area is an effective alternative to promote healing.     

Cardiovascular effects of increasing dosages of norepinephrine in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits

ObjectiveTo characterize the cardiovascular effects of increasing dosages of norepinephrine (NE) in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of nine female ovariohysterectomized New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.4 ± 0.2 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsRabbits were premedicated intramuscularly with buprenorphine (0.05 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (0.5 mg kg^–1). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with a 1.1 × minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane for this species to induce hypotension. Rabbits were administered NE infusions at three doses: low, 0.1 μg kg^–1 minute^–1; medium, 0.5 μg kg^–1 minute^–1; and high doses, 1 μg kg^–1 minute^–1 for 10 minutes each in that order. Cardiovascular variables including heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) by lithium dilution technique and systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) invasive arterial blood pressures measured in the auricular artery were recorded at baseline, 10 minutes after the start of the infusion of each NE treatment and 10 minutes after NE was discontinued. A linear mixed model and a type III anova with Tukey’s post hoc comparison was performed (p < 0.05).ResultsSignificant increases in SAP (28% and 90%), MAP (27% and 90%) and DAP (33% and 97%) were measured with medium and high dose treatments, respectively (p < 0.001), with no changes in CO. HR decreased and stroke volume increased significantly with high dose treatment (by 17% and 15%, respectively; p < 0.05). No arrhythmias were noticed with NE treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe infusion of NE at 0.5–1.0 μg kg^–1 minute^–1 is a potentially effective treatment for hypotension in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits.     

磺溴酞和酚磺酞在猪兔鸡的比较药动学研究

磺溴酞和酚磺酞静注后在猪均具中等分布容积和高清除率特征，在兔呈高分布容积和中清除率特征，在鸡则是低分布容积和低消除率。３种动物比较，猪对两药的消除能力最强，兔体内易于药物分布，鸡对药物的消除和分布均相对较弱。两药在同种动物体内的分布动力学无显著差异，但ＢＳＰ的消除速度和程度比ＰＳＰ大。结果说明，动物种属是决定药物体内过程的首要因素，药物的结构及消除方式是其次。在药物的使用、研制和评价过程中应对药动     

Effect of rest temperature on rotational thromboelastometry in New Zealand White rabbits

With the increasing popularity of viscoelastic coagulation analyzers, such as rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM] and thromboelastography, the need for standardized methodology for appropriate interpretation has become increasingly important. Viscoelastic analysis is heavily influenced by a multitude of pre-analytic factors, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to a large amount of variation between institutions. We investigated the effect of room temperature during a 30-min sample rest time on ROTEM, which analyzed both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. We also evaluated the feasibility of using ROTEM to assess coagulation in non-anesthetized domestic rabbits. Rabbits were selected because they are a common companion animal that could benefit from the use of viscoelastic analysis for various disease processes that could lead to coagulopathies. Citrated whole blood was collected from 10 rabbits and allowed to rest upright for 30 min either at room temperature (~ 21°C) or in a tube warmer (37°C) before analysis. There was no significant difference in results between room temperature and warmed samples, which suggests that allowing samples to rest at room temperature is acceptable clinically. Additionally, blood collection and analysis were feasible in all rabbits.     

0.2%Tu-2制剂对肉兔肠道消化酶活性及生长性能的作用

研究了0.2%Tu-2制剂对肉兔肠道消化酶活性及生长性能的影响,进一步探讨酶对肉兔的作用机理,为该制剂的生产和应用提供试验依据。选用体格健壮、体重基本相同的35日龄肉兔120只,随机平均分成对照组和试验组两组。对照组自始至终饲喂基础日粮,试验组35~59日龄在基础日粮中添加0.2%Tu-2制剂,然后停止添加Tu-2制剂。观察并记录肉兔粪便中4种消化酶活性变化规律和生长情况。结果表明,添加0.2%Tu-2制剂后,肉兔粪便中纤维素酶、蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的平均酶活力比对照组提高幅度分别为36.65%、31.81%、20.99%、23.08%。平均增重提高16.40%,料重比降低14.15%。但当停饲Tu-2制剂后,试验组中肉兔各项指标又逐渐接近对照组。由此可以说明,Tu-2制剂可以改善肉兔肠道内生态环境,提高肉兔肠道多种消化酶活性,增加饲料转化率,改善肉兔的生长性能。     

兔三联灭活疫苗的研究

从患兔瘟的肝、脾、肾中采取含毒病料，从患急性巴氏杆菌病和魏氏梭菌性肠炎的病例中分离细菌，研制成氢氧化铝甲醛灭活疫苗。经试用，免疫后７ｄ至８个月内不同时期均能有效地控制疾病。对免疫兔进行免疫效力及免疫期的测定，结果表明，在７ｄ，５０ｄ，１００ｄ和１８０ｄ内均能抵抗致死量兔瘟强毒的攻击；在免疫后２０ｄ时全部能抵抗１０个最小致死量的兔巴氏杆菌培养的攻击，经７５ｄ后也有１００％的保护率；     

实验性兔出血症病兔某些血清酶活性的变化

监测了实验感染兔出血症(RHD)病兔在发病不同时期血清碱性磷酸酶(SAKP)、酸性磷酸酶(SACP)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SSDH)、乳酸脫氢酶(SLDH)及其同工酶(Iso-LDH)和γ谷氨酰转肽酶(Sγ-GT)的活性.结果表明,感染RHD后这些血清酶的活性均升高.在高热期与濒死期呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高.Iso-LDH酶谱的变化反映了肝组织损伤.从而提示:a.RDH时病兔肝实质损害发生较早,且发展迅速而重剧;b.上述诸血清酶活性的升高与肝细胞的损伤密切相关;c.肝细胞变性与坏死等病理过程是引起这些酶活性升高的主要原因.     

象草粉应用于实验兔日粮的初步研究

利用本地产象草粉配合于实验兔日粮中，并对其生长、繁殖性能及血象进行观察研究。结果表明，在日粮中用１５％、３０％象草粉替换苜蓿草粉饲喂生长兔，其日增重、饲料报酬均无显著性差异；用含３０％象草粉或苜蓿草粉的日粮分别饲喂繁殖母兔，其繁殖性能无显著差别；测定生长兔血象，含３０％的两种草粉及苜蓿草粉加铜组，其指标均在正常范围内。总的结果表明，在日粮中，用３０％象草粉取代苜蓿草粉是可行的