碱性硅肥对香蕉枯萎病的影响

本研究以香蕉枯萎病菌尖镰孢古巴专化型4号小种为目标菌,采用PDA平板培养、土壤平板培养和盆栽试验三种方法来测定碱性硅肥对香蕉枯萎病病菌的影响。结果表明,使用第一种方法,硅肥在小于1000倍液的范围内对菌丝生长均显示抑制作用,其中原液的抑制率达到最高并与其他浓度处理,以及对照普通肥料有显著的差异（p<0.05）;第二种方法显示与第一种方法的抑菌效果一致;第三种方法显示,硅肥处理的香蕉苗病情指数为43.85%,对照肥料处理的为68.57%,空白对照的为80.00%。本研究认为,碱性硅肥对香蕉枯萎病菌有一定的抑制作用,在生产上应用潜力。     

广西八角良种研究综述

八角主产广西,是南亚热带重要的香料树种。广西的八角良种研究始于20世纪80年代初,经过全区品种资源普查,划定了17个农家品种,确定4个类型为优良类型,然后继续优良个体的选择,突破了无性繁殖技术的关键,初步选出了优良单株,并有3个无性系通过区级良种认定。     

单叶刺槐半同胞子代叶片的滞尘能力及叶表SEM特征分析

以单叶刺槐母本(A1-1)及6个叶形产生明显变异的半同胞子代无性系(A20-5、B24-3、C24-2、B23-1、C24-1、C23-1)新鲜叶片为材料,测定各样本的单位叶面积总颗粒物滞留量、颗粒物粒径分析及叶表微观结构SEM特征,通过相关性分析,筛选与滞尘能力相关的叶形及SEM指标,运用隶属函数法,依据各样本滞尘指...     

公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同研究——基于个体特征变量的探索调查

专业认同与研究生的成就动机、学习投入、生活满意度、职业发展等一系列学习、生活、工作成长过程要素息息相关,同时也会影响高校人才培养质量。以江西省三所高校310名公共管理学科硕士研究生为研究对象,基于个体特征变量:性别、年级、成绩、跨专业读研、学生助理工作经验、感兴趣的研究方向、毕业之后意向的调查,分析公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同状况,探究影响专业认同的因素。结果表明,三所高校公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同平均分值为3.57,总体水平不高,其各维度平均得分排序为专业情感(3.75)>专业认知(3.66)>专业行为(3.51)>专业适切(3.35);多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年级、是否跨专业读研、成绩排名等其他自变量对公共管理学科硕士生不具有显著影响,学生助理工作经验和感兴趣的研究方向对公共管理学科硕士生专业认同具有显著的影响。最后结合实际情况,对提高公共管理学科硕士研究生的专业认同提出建议。     

基于转录组测序的半滑舌鳎长链非编码RNA的初步鉴定与分析

以抗病家系与易感家系半滑舌鳎为材料,进行哈维弧菌感染实验,并对易感家系感染前(CsSU)、易感家系感染后(CsSC)、抗病家系感染前(CsRU)、抗病家系感染后(CsRC)4组进行转录组测序,根据RNA-seq数据挖掘半滑舌鳎长链非编码RNA信息;通过生物信息学分析,筛选出与抗哈维弧菌病相关的差异长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)。结果显示,共识别出4 584个lncRNA座位,包含5 714个转录本;其基本特征与编码基因的比较分析,lncRNA的GC含量低于编码基因,单外显子基因数多于编码基因,转录本的平均长度长于编码基因,基因表达量低于编码基因。对4组样品进行两两比较(CsRU vs CsSU、CsRC vs CsSC、CsRC vs CsRU、CsSC vs CsSU)分别筛选出818、813、261、140个差异表达lncRNA,其中CsRU与CsSU之间、CsRC与CsSC之间lncRNA数目差异最多,通过聚类分析确定了各实验组的表达模式之间的联系,CsRU与CsSU之间的表达模式最为相近。通过共表达分析,预测出lncRNA和274个编码基因可能存在14 539种相互关系,并进行了功能注释,进而筛选出7个关键lncRNA。qRT-PCR结果显示,差异表达lncRNAs的表达模式和转录组数据得到的基本一致。研究结果为揭示lncRNA在半滑舌鳎抗哈维弧菌免疫调控反应中的作用提供重要的参考数据。     

China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.     

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.     

香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌筛选试验

将从香蕉土壤中分离出的7个不同性状的芽孢杆菌菌株以及荧光假单孢菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、细黄链霉菌等分别用于测试对香蕉枯萎病生理小种4号的拮抗作用。结果表明,10个菌株中荧光假单孢菌表现出对香蕉枯萎病生理小种4号菌丝生长有良好、稳定的抑制作用;荧光假单孢菌和XP菌株混合后,其抑菌作用得到加强,抑菌效果最好。     

不同小麦品种小麦白粉病发病程度及其田间发生动态分析

【目的】研究新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病危害程度和田间发生动态,为科学防控小麦白粉病提供理论依据。【方法】采用定期定点调查的方法,系统调查不同品种小麦白粉病发生情况。【结果】新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生动态基本一致。新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病病情指数最高分别为8.22、7.11、37.63和25.48。新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著轻于新冬40号和新冬20号,新冬40号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著重于新冬20号。【结论】新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著轻于新冬20号,可根据田间发病情况,合理减施农药。新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著重于新冬20号,应加强对小麦白粉病的预防。