饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响

试验结果表明,温度和规格对硬壳蛤同化率的影响不显著(P>0.05);饵料种类对硬壳蛤同化率影响显著(P<0.05).其中小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的同化率显著高于小新月菱形藻(P<0.05),而小新月菱形藻又显著高于扁藻(P<0.05).     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.     

Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein to energy ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial average weight of 0.09 ± 0.002 g, mean ± SE). Twelve practical test diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (300, 340, 380 and 420 g kg^?1) and three lipid levels (50, 75 and 100 g kg^?1). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps per tank (260 L). The water temperature was 28.5 ± 2 °C and the salinity was 28 ± 1 g L^?1 during the experimental period. The results showed that the growth was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Shrimps fed the diets containing 300 g kg^?1 protein showed the poorest growth. However, shrimp fed the 75 g kg^?1 lipid diets had only slightly higher growth than that fed 50 g kg^?1 lipid diets at the same dietary protein level, and even a little decline in growth with the further increase of dietary lipid to 100 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed the diet with 420 g kg^?1protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid had the highest specific growth rate. However, shrimp fed the diet with 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid showed comparable growth, and had the highest protein efficiency ratio, energy retention and feed efficiency ratio among dietary treatments. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum of shrimp increased with increasing dietary lipid level at the same dietary protein level. Body lipid and energy increased with increasing dietary lipid level irrespective of dietary protein. Results of the present study showed that the diet containing 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid with digestible protein/digestible energy of 21.1 mg kJ^?1 is optimum for L. vannamei, and the increase of dietary lipid level has not efficient protein‐sparing effect.     

Jackknife method for estimating the variance of the age composition using two-phase sampling with an application to commercial catches of swordfish (Xiphias gladius)

An estimate of the age composition of a commercial swordfish catch and its variance was obtained using the replicate full jackknife estimator for two-phase sampling where the sampling units in the first phase are clusters (vessel-trips) and the units of the second phase are individual fishes. The jackknife variance estimator was compared with an analytical estimator of variance commonly used in fisheries studies which ignores the clustering, and assumes simple random sampling of individual fish. The application of these naïve estimators to the Chilean South Pacific swordfish fishery results in an underestimation of the variance. This is a consequence of using an inappropriate primary sampling unit of analysis in the first-phase sample where the vessel-trip unit is replaced by an individual fish unit, thus ignoring the intra-cluster correlation in age samples. The jackknife estimator of variance is an alternative useful for complex two-phase sampling designs.     

育珠期三角帆蚌的生长及其与珍珠增长的关系

通过对三角帆蚌壳长、壳宽、蚌总重（整体湿重）、内脏团湿重、壳重和珍珠重等指标在5-11月间的逐月连续测定,研究了常规养殖模式下育珠期2龄三角帆蚌在主要生长季节的生长规律及其与珍珠生长的相关性。结果表明：珍珠重(PW)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系分别为PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948)和PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888);而珍珠重(PW)与蚌重(TW)、内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)的关系分别为PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337),PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158)和PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101);三角帆蚌总重(TW)与壳长(SL)、 壳宽(SW)的关系最适合用指数函数进行拟合,其关系式分别为TW=16.003e0.1681SL,(R2=0.7961),和TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822);而内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系则适合为幂函数曲线拟合,关系式分别为BW=0.0188SL3.1427,(R2=0.6927);W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271)和BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617);W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563)。本研究结果发现,珍珠生长与蚌总重、壳长和壳宽等外部测量指标之间的相关性显著,从而无须通过杀蚌取珠而直接通过这些外部生长指标的测定就能较好地了解珍珠的生长,更好地为珍珠养殖生产和管理提供指导。     

水稻抗白背飞虱新基因Wbph6(t)的定位初报

应用由90个株系组成的TN1/鬼衣谷F3群体,分析了水稻抗白背飞虱新基因Wbph6 (t)与DNA标记的连锁关系。应用隐性极端群体法,将[WTBX][STBX]Wbph6[WTBZ][STBZ](t)定位于第11染色体短臂,与SSLP 标记RM167的遗传距离为21.2 cM。     

斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应

为了筛选优良的新型小麦雄性不育系，对斯卑尔脱、云南铁壳麦、提莫非维小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草等四种异源细胞质在同核异质条件下对不育系及其杂种一代的种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应作了比较研究。结果表明，斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子大小、重量具有明显正效应，且筛选出了两个由其所配制的具明显杂种优势的杂交组合。这说明，斯卑尔脱细胞质不育系在栽培小麦中易于找到恢复源且恢复度高，其对种子大小和重量的稳定的正效应可能是产生较强杂种优势组合的重要原因之一。     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

The Rht13 dwarfing gene reduces peduncle length and plant height to increase grain number and yield of wheat

The green-revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are usually associated with increased wheat yields but are linked to reduced early growth and poor emergence if sowing conditions are unfavourable. Other dwarfing genes are available but not used in commercial breeding. The Rht13 bread wheat donor, Magnif M1, produces uniquely short peduncle and penultimate internodes to reduce plant height. A set of near-isogenic (NILs) and recombinant inbred (RILs) lines varying for height were developed from the cross of Magnif M1 and the Rht8c-containing Chuan-mai 18, and evaluated for a range of agronomic characteristics across favourable environments. Reductions in plant height were associated with increased grain number (r² = 0.35**) and harvest index (r² = 0.62**) in the NILs. Reduced-height RILs containing the Rht13-linked, Xgwm577_M microsatellite marker were significantly shorter, produced greater biomass, yield and harvest index, and increased spike and grain number than lines without the marker. Approximately 74 and 7% of the total phenotypic variance in plant height was accounted for by allelic differences in Xgwm577 and Rht8 loci, respectively. The peduncle and penultimate peduncle internodes of Rht13-containing lines were proportionately shorter than Rht8c-containing sibs and lines containing the Rht-B1b dwarfing allele. The unique height-reducing phenotype, increased grain number and yield associated with Rht13 indicate considerable potential for use of this dwarfing allele for improving wheat performance.