Engaging Great Barrier Reef Stakeholders: Mediation Analyses of Barriers Among the Antecedents of Pro-Environmental Behavior

Resource managers continually attempt to influence stakeholder behavior to protect ecosystems. To aid managers and further our understanding of the human dimensions of natural resource management researchers have developed theories of pro-environmental behavior and to identify barriers to such behavior. However, there is a paucity of research integrating the two. There is a need to understand how perceived barriers influence the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors directly and how these barriers interact with the antecedents to pro-environmental behavior. Using the value-belief-norm theory as a guiding framework, we sought to fill this gap by investigating the effect of two barriers (lack of knowledge and low self-efficacy) among the antecedents to climate change–related behavior of anglers and other stakeholders (n = 324) living adjacent to Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Results suggested that modeling/theorizing about how barriers fit into this process is complex because of differing contexts and levels of inclusion of barriers in existing theories.     

Investigation of lactic acid bacterial strains for meat fermentation and the product's antioxidant and angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme inhibitory activities

In the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains screened from our LAB collection, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei strain no. 23 and L. curvatus strain no. 28 degraded meat protein and tolerated salt and nitrite in vitro. Fermented sausages inoculated strains no. 23 and no. 28 showed not only favorable increases in viable LAB counts and reduced pH, but also the degradation of meat protein. The sausages fermented with these strains showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than those without LAB or fermented by each LAB type strain. Angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was also significantly higher in the sausages fermented with strain no. 23 than in those fermented with the type strain. Higher ACE inhibitory activity was also observed in the sausages fermented with strain no. 28, but did not differ significantly from those with the type strain. An analysis of the proteolysis and degradation products formed by each LAB in sausages suggested that those bioactivities yielded fermentation products such as peptides. Therefore, LAB starters that can adequately ferment meat, such as strains no. 23 and no. 28, should contribute to the production of bioactive compounds in meat products.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus on gastrointestinal tract development in calves

Twenty‐four newborn Holstein dairy male calves (with initial body weight of 38 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a randomized block design experiment to determine effects of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on gastrointestinal tract development. Calves were fed milk (10%/body weight) three times at 06.00, 12.00 and 18.00 hours daily with one to four treatments during the experimental periods (4 to 28 days): no supplementation of AS (control group, CG); 1.0 g/L?time of micro‐powder AS (MP); 1.0 g/L?time of superfine powder AS (SP); or 1.0 g/L?time of coarse powder AS (CP). On days 7, 14, 21 and 28, 20 mL blood samples were collected at 06.00 hours before the morning feeding. At the end of the trial (28 days), all calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were taken and placed in 4% buffered formaldehyde for analyses. In the rumen of MP treatment, compared with the CG treatment, wall thickness and papillae diameter was both significantly lower (P <0.05), while crypt depth was significantly greater (P <0.05). In the duodenum, villi diameter of AS supplemented treatments was significantly lower than that of CG treatment (P <0.05) . Results indicate that calves during sucking period supplemented with AS as MP style could promote gastrointestinal development.     

Establishment of Digital RT-PCR Assay for Detection of Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 Subtype

A new assay for the detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) was developed with a novel nucleic acid probe——Molecular beacon in this study. The specific primers and molecular beacon probes were designed according to the conserved region of H3 and N2 genes of SIV H3N2 subtype. A digital RT-PCR assay was developed for detection of SIV H3N2 subtype. The results showed that SIV H3N2 subtype could be identified simultaneously on this microarry with high sensitivity and reproducibility,which could reach to 10⁶ dilute viruse. The conclusion was that the digital RT-PCR method could analyze quantitatively the RNA templates.On the identification of H3N2 SIV,the digital RT-PCR method was much more scientific than Real-time quantitative PCR method.     

小檗碱对禽源大肠杆菌抑菌作用及耐药消除作用的转录组学分析

为了探究中药对大肠杆菌抗生素耐药性的消除机制,以小檗碱为处理药物,使用小檗碱浓度为250 μg/mL （1/2最小抑菌浓度（MIC））的LB肉汤培养临床分离的禽源耐药大肠杆菌,每隔24 h传一代,共传3代。对第3代菌液以影印法分离突变菌,以微板法测定突变菌的左氧氟沙星MIC。经测定发现突变菌对左氧氟沙星的MIC由16 μg/mL降至8 μg/mL,说明对左氧氟沙星的耐药性具有消除作用。为了解小檗碱作用大肠杆菌的分子机制,通过转录组测序方法对耐药性消除前后禽源大肠杆菌基因表达水平进行对比分析。结果显示,小檗碱作用后共有45个基因的表达量发生显著变化,其中有30个基因表达量上调,15个基因表达量下调。经过GO功能富集分析和KEGG代谢通路富集分析,发现上调主要为：与色氨酸合成有关的基因,磷酸吡哆醛结合相关3个基因,表达转酮酶基因;下调主要为：双组份系统中多个基因,十一异戊二烯焦磷酸磷酸酶（UppP）编码基因ybjG,酰基辅酶A脱氢酶合成有关的基因。推测大肠杆菌体内酶活性降低是小檗碱抑菌的主要机制;大肠杆菌多重耐药外排泵表达降低、细胞膜和细胞壁成分的改变是小檗碱耐药性消除的主要机制。     

基于颗粒缩放理论的沙棘茶毫离散元参数标定

为解决沙棘叶茶茶毫离散元仿真中缺乏准确接触参数的问题,利用物理和仿真休止角堆积试验标定茶毫接触参数;将茶毫颗粒简化为软质球形颗粒,通过量纲分析和颗粒缩放理论将茶毫空气动力学当量粒径从231.37μm放大至1.8 mm。利用EDEM软件,选定“Hertz–Mindlin with JKR”接触模型,以休止角为响应值,通过Plackett-Burman试验筛选出对休止角影响最显著的3个参数：茶毫-茶毫恢复系数、茶毫-茶毫滚动摩擦系数、茶毫-不锈钢滚动摩擦系数;利用最陡爬坡试验,确定各参数最佳取值范围;根据Box-Behnken试验建立并优化3个显著性参数与休止角的二阶回归方程,对回归方程进行寻优求解。得到3个显著性参数的最优组合：茶毫-茶毫恢复系数为0.159,茶毫-茶毫滚动摩擦系数为0.290,茶毫-不锈钢滚动摩擦系数为0.239。通过对比休止角仿真试验值与物理试验值,二者相对误差为1.97%,表明仿真试验预测效果良好。     

杜仲杂交子代优良单株分子标记辅助选择

在杜仲高密度遗传连锁图谱的构建和重要数量性状的数量性状基因座(QTLs)定位的研究基础上,利用已定位的分子标记对41株杂交子代优良单株进行检测,依据优良单株表型值与对应分子标记效应值或标记组合效应值之和的相关性分析结果,筛选出检测效率较高的分子标记或标记组合用于分子标记辅助选择。同时结合表型选择,选出不同目标性状表现良好的优良单株。筛选得到6个检测效率较高的分子标记或标记组合:与树高相关的分子标记(DZ200-350)、与地径相关的分子标记组合(em15me23-360和em12me11-300)、与产叶量相关的标记(em31me26-160)、与杜仲胶含量相关的标记(em49me3-150)、与绿原酸含量相关的标记(em10me28-170)和与芦丁含量相关的标记(em7me28-240);通过优良单株4~6年生表型性状不同年龄间的相关性分析结果,确定杜仲早期表型选择以植株达到6年生为宜;分子标记辅助选择与表型选择在不同性状中检测结果一致的优良单株均占55%以上,最高可达90%。分子标记辅助选择与表型选择在不同性状检测结果的较高一致性,间接验证建立的分子标记辅助选择体系的选择高效性。建立的分子标记辅助选择体系,对加速杜仲育种进程具有重要意义。     

离子强度和腐植酸对高岭土协同磺胺二甲基嘧啶迁移的影响

为探讨土壤环境条件对粘土矿物协同磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)迁移的影响,选取高岭土胶体与SM2作为主要实验材料,通过土柱淋溶实验,研究了高岭土与SM2共同迁移的相互影响,不同离子强度下高岭土协同SM2迁移情况以及高离子强度下腐植酸对高岭土协同SM2迁移的影响。研究结果显示:当离子强度为0.1 mmol·L-1时,高岭土悬浊液加入0.25 mg·L-1SM2后,高岭土胶体的穿透曲线峰值从76%降为70%,表明SM2对高岭土迁移影响很小,略有抑制;SM2悬浊液加入高岭土后,SM2穿透曲线峰值从5.4%增大到50%,表明高岭土可以显著促进SM2的迁移;随着溶液离子强度增强,高岭土的穿透曲线峰值依次为70%(离子强度0.1 mmol·L-1)、27%(1 mmol·L-1)、3%(10 mmol·L-1),SM2的穿透峰值依次为50%(离子强度0.1 mmol·L-1)、48%(1 mmol·L-1)、17%(10 mmol·L-1),表明随着溶液离子强度增强,高岭土迁移量及高岭土协同SM2迁移量显著降低;当溶液离子强度为10 mmol·L-1时,加入8 mg·L-1腐植酸后,高岭土的穿透曲线峰值从3%增长至57%,SM2的穿透曲线峰值从17%增长至50%,表明当溶液离子强度较高时腐植酸可以促进高岭土协同SM2迁移。