分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶鲜叶中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了超声波提取、分散固相萃取净化、气相色谱-电子捕获法(GC-ECD)同时测定茶鲜叶中甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。样品采用V(乙酸)∶V(乙腈)=1∶99的混合溶剂超声提取,适量乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)和石墨化碳黑(GCB)吸附剂净化,GC-ECD测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明:在0.004~2 mg/L范围内,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的峰面积与相应质量浓度间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999;在0.01~0.5 mg/kg的添加水平下,平均回收率为80%~101%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于8.4%(n=6),日间RSD均小于9.3%(n=3);7种农药在茶鲜叶中的检出限为0.002~0.02 mg/kg,定量限为0.01~0.05 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、定量准确、溶剂用量少,对检测条件要求低,可同时测定茶鲜叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留量。     

Status of Insecticide Resistance in Spodoptera litura in Andhra Pradesh,India

Twenty-two strains of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), collected from groundnut crops of eight locations in Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1991 and 1996 were assayed in the F1 generation for resistance to commonly used insecticides. Resistance levels ranged as follows: cypermethrin, 0·2- to 197-fold; fenvalerate, 8- to 121-fold; endosulfan, 1-to 13-fold; quinalphos, 1- to 29-fold; monocrotophos, 2- to 362-fold and methomyl, 0·7- to 19-fold. In nearly all strains pre-treatment with the metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, resulted in complete suppression of cypermethrin resistance (2- to 121-fold synergism), indicating that enhanced detoxification by microsomal P450-dependent monooxygenases was probably the major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. Pre-treatment with the synergist DEF, an inhibitor of esterases and the glutathione S-transferase system, resulted in a 2- to 3-fold synergism with monocrotophos indicating that esterases and possibly glutathione S-transferases were at least to some extent contributing to organophosphate resistance. © 1997 SCI.     

Chemical Control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in Wheat

Abstract

In field experiments conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 1973–74 and 1974–75, pre-emergence application (one day after sowing) of methabenzthiazuron (1.05 kg a.i./ha), metoxuron (1.6 kg a.i./ha) and chlortoluron (0.75 kg a.i./ha) gave effective control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in wheat without any phytotoxic effect on the crop. Methabenzthiazuron, metoxuron and chlortoluron gave 1410, 1420 and 1090 kg/ha, respectively, more grain than the unweeded crop and 590, 600 and 270 kg/ha more than the crop hand-weeded twice. Nitrofen (1.25 kg a.i./ha) applied pre-emergence was effective against P. minor only and gave substantial increase in grain yield. Terbutryne, dichlormate and linuron, while effective against P. minor, also had a phytotoxic effect on the crop.     

气相色谱法测定南美白对虾中10种拟除虫菊酯残留方法的研究

建立了气相-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）同时测定南美白对虾(Penaeus Vannamei)中七氟菊酯等10种拟除虫菊酯类药物残留的检测方法。样品经正己烷-乙酸乙酯-丙酮有机溶剂提取后,先采用乙腈饱和的石油醚除脂,再通过Florisil层析柱净化,最后利用GC-ECD同时测定七氟菊酯等10种拟除虫菊酯类药物残留。实验结果表明：该方法在1 ng/mL～100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r≥0.999 51;在南美白对虾空白样本中加标浓度为2 μg/kg、10 μg/kg、20 μg/kg 3个水平下(七氟菊酯对应为1 μg/kg、5μg/kg、10 μg/kg)相应的回收率在78.0%～110.0%之间,日内精密度为4.0%～12.0%(n=6 ) ,日间精密度为2.3%～12.0%(n=3);按照10倍信噪比计算,七氟菊酯的检测限为1.0 μg/kg;联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯的检测限为2.0 μg/kg。该方法快速、准确、可靠,适合于测定水产品中拟除虫菊酯类药物的残留。     

正相高效液相色谱法测定梨中5种菊酯类农药多残留

建立正相高效液相色谱方法同时测定梨样品中氯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯5种菊酯类农药残留。采用混合溶剂正己烷-乙酸乙酯(80/20,V/V)提取,在优化的流动相溶剂正己烷-乙酸乙酯(95/5,V/V)及流速1 mL/min,检测波长242 nm条件下,用配备Zorbax Rx-Sil柱、紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪进行待测组分的分离和测定,检出限范围在0.108~0.193 ng/μL。添加回收率试验结果表明,梨样品中上述5种菊酯类农药加标回收率为74.0%~108.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD%,n=5)为2.4~7.4,其准确度和精密度均达到了农药残留分析的要求。     

山西苹果黄蚜对菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性监测

采用点滴法测定了山西省三地区苹果黄蚜 (AphispomiDeGeer)对 7种菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明 ,用药水平不同的三个地区苹果黄蚜对菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性有明显差异。以忻州种群为相对敏感种群 ,晋中苹果黄蚜对高效氯氰菊酯、功夫菊酯、溴氰菊酯、百树菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的抗性倍数分别为 :1 10倍、 1 0 2倍、 3 0 6倍、 1 11倍、 0 6 7倍、 0 87倍、 1 35倍 ;运城苹果黄蚜对上述 7种杀虫剂的抗性倍数分别为 :6 76倍、 13 17倍、 13 87倍、 11 32倍、 5 2 5 2倍、 9 76倍、 15 92倍。运城地区苹果黄蚜对菊酯类杀虫剂已产生低到高水平抗性     

Resistance of Pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pyrethroid,organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides

BACKGROUND: The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Fab.) is a serious pest of cotton and okra in Pakistan. Owing to persistent use of insecticides, this pest has developed resistance, especially to pyrethroids. The present studies aimed at determining the extent of resistance to pyrethroid, organophosphorus and new chemical insecticides in Pakistani populations of E. vittella. RESULTS: Field populations of E. vittella were monitored at Multan, Pakistan, from 1999 to 2007 for their resistance against six pyrethroid, four organophosphorus and six new chemical insecticides using a leaf‐dip bioassay. Of the pyrethroids, resistance was generally low to zeta‐cypermethrin and moderate to high or very high to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, bifenthrin and lambda‐cyhalothrin. Resistance to organophosphates chlorpyrifos, profenofos, triazophos and phoxim was recorded at very low to low levels. Among new chemicals, E. vittella had no or a very low resistance to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide, a very low to low resistance to abamectin, a very low to moderate resistance to indoxacarb and a moderate resistance to chlorfenapyr. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a lack of cross‐resistance between pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in E. vittella. Rotation of insecticides showing no, very low or low resistance, but belonging to different insecticide classes with unrelated modes of action, may prevent or mitigate insecticide resistance in E. vittella. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

两种挥发性拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对伊蚊的驱避作用研究

拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂广泛应用于蚊香及其他驱蚊产品,不仅对蚊子有杀虫作用,而且具有驱避效应,然而拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对蚊子驱避作用的机理尚不清楚.本研究发现两种挥发性拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂四氟甲醚菊酯和氯氟醚菊酯对白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊具有非接触驱避作用.触角电位(EAG)试验表明除四氟甲醚菊酯有微弱EAG响应外,其他拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂均没...