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11.
Rhythmic locomotor activity and daily susceptibility to deltamethrin were tested in the pine weevil,Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a pest of young conifer plants. In constant darkness, beetles revealed a free-running circadian
pattern of locomotor activity (average period 22h : 20min). Under long photoperiod, L:D 18:6, entrainment of motor activity
was observed. In the entrained population of the weevils, a peak of locomotor activity occurred at about the beginning of
the dark phase, and the minimum occurred in the middle of the light phase. Fluctuations of susceptibility to a standard dose
of deltamethrin (0.5 μg/g body weight) varied across the day, and were inversely correlated to the changes in locomotor activity.
The importance of considering the daily organization of insect biology in studying insect resistance to pesticides is re-emphasized.
3 www.csa.com. The following databases were screened: Animal Behaviour Abstracts, AGRICOLA, Aquatic Science and Fishery Abstracts,
Biological Sciences, Ecology Abstracts, Entomology Abstracts, Environmental Science and Pollution Abstracts, Health and Safety
Science Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Water Resource Abstracts, Toxicology Abstracts, TOXLINE. 相似文献
12.
Thibaud Martin Germain O Ochou Franois Hala‐N'Klo Jean‐Michel Vassal Maurice Vaissayre 《Pest management science》2000,56(6):549-554
The susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera to pyrethroids has been investigated in West Africa by means of laboratory bioassays since 1985, the first year of widespread pyrethroid use. For some years, this survey has shown a tendency for the pest to become more tolerant to pyrethroids. During the 1996 growing season, farmers using calendar‐based spraying programmes reported control failures in various countries. The strong efficacy of cypermethrin on small larvae was confirmed in experimental plots, but the effect decreased quickly in successive instars. Bioassays performed on resistant strains revealed an increase in LD50 that was related to different resistance mechanisms. Metabolic resistance (MFO) appears to be a possible primary mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids. Target modification (kdr) is involved to a small degree and esterases seem to appear only after additional selection pressure. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
Yoshio Katsuda 《Pest management science》1999,55(8):775-782
The pyrethroid group of insecticides consists of natural pyrethrins derived from pyrethrum flowers and synthetic derivatives which are similar in chemical structure to the natural compounds. Pyrethroids have been considered to be ideal insecticides because of their rapid knock-down effect against insects in a minimal dose and low mammalian toxicity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
Calcium regulation is an important event in synaptic transmission and neuronal function, which is governed by a very intricate signal transduction system which is not completely understood. Using a variety of pharmacological assays, we have characterized the action of deltamethrin on the ciliary voltage-sensitive calcium channel and on phospholipase C activity of Paramecium tetraurelia Sonneborn, an organism that does not possess a voltage-sensitive sodium channel. In fura-2 fluorometric assays, which examined whole cells and ciliary membrane vesicles enriched with calcium channels, deltamethrin stimulated Ca2+ uptake. We also determined that the phospholipase C activity of the ciliary membrane vesicles is regulated by the βγ-subunit from heterotrimeric G-proteins. Subsequent treatment with deltamethrin resulted in a substantial and highly significant increase in phospholipase C activity. These results provide evidence that the molecular mode of action of pyrethroids on the voltage-sensitive calcium channel is distinct from the action of this insecticide on the voltage-sensitive sodium channel and may be dependent, in part, upon an interaction with the βγ-subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein. 相似文献
15.
Klaus Naumann 《Pest management science》1998,52(1):3-20
An account of pyrethroid research from 1975 to 1985 at Bayer AG is given. The exploitation of fluorine chemistry for this purpose led to increased activity of known 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroid esters and to the commercialisation of the broad-spectrum insecticide cyfluthrin, the particularly tick-toxic flumethrin and the rapid-acting household insecticides fenfluthrin and transfluthrin. The last two constituted in 1976 a novel type of pyrethroid, based on polyfluorinated benzyl alcohols, off the mainstream of published pyrethroid research. Transfluthrin, the single isomer (1R)trans-permethric acid ester of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol has just been introduced to the market. The history of its discovery and structure–activity data as well as resistance considerations regarding cyfluthrin, are presented. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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采用静水法生物毒性测试研究重金属(铜和镉)、多环芳烃(菲和萘)及有机农药(溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯)3类物质对唐鱼的急性毒性,详细描述中毒症状并进行了安全质量浓度评价.结果表明,铜和镉对唐鱼的96h的LC50分别为0.054和4.610mg/L,其中铜属于极高毒物质,镉属于高毒物质,其安全质量浓度分别为0.005和0.461... 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.
Flaviano O Silvério Elson S de Alvarenga Shaiene C Moreno Marcelo C Picanço 《Pest management science》2009,65(8):900-905
BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids are among the most potent pesticides known, with great potential for structural variation with retention or enhancement of potency. The simple methyl ester is easier to prepare (at least one step shorter) than the more complex pyrethroids modified on the alcohol moiety. The objective was to synthesise methyl esters of pyrethroid acids containing an aromatic ring on the acid moiety and evaluate their biological activity against Ascia monuste orseis Latr., Tuta absoluta Meyrick, Periplaneta americana (L.), Musca domestica L. and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). RESULTS: The synthetic sequence required seven steps: protection of the hydroxyl groups of D ‐mannitol, diol oxidative cleavage with sodium metaperiodate, alkene formation by Wittig reaction with methoxycarbonylmethylidene(triphenyl)phosphorane, cyclopropanation, acetal hydrolysis with perchloric acid and oxidative cleavage with sodium metaperiodate gave methyl (1S, 3S)‐3‐formyl‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate. The final step comprised reaction of the aldehyde with five different aromatic phosphorus ylides to give the pyrethroids. CONCLUSION: An efficient and versatile synthesis of ten new pyrethroid methyl esters has been accomplished from the readily available D ‐mannitol in seven steps. All compounds showed insecticidal activity, and methyl (1S, 3S)‐3‐[(Z)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)vinyl]‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate was the most active, killing 90% of A. monuste orseis and 100% of T. absoluta and P. americana. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献