潜蝇姬小蜂研究概况

 介绍了斑潜蝇优势寄生蜂——潜蝇姬小蜂的生物学,在斑潜蝇防治中的应用及控害作用及农药对其的影响。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯农药残留

研究了加速溶剂萃取仪提取土壤中有机氯农药残留的最佳条件。研究表明,采用正己烷和丙酮(1:1V/V)的混合溶剂为提取剂,萃取温度40℃,压力为10.3MPa;该方法无需对样品净化,样品经提取、浓缩后,以大口径毛细管柱为分离柱,GC-ECD检测,内标法定量;方法简单、快捷、经济,平均加标回收率为79.4%～102.1%,RSD为2.34%～5.72%,检测限为0.041～0.133ng/g。     

桔梗等3种中药材有机氯农药残留研究

采用丙酮水提取体系、二氯甲烷液液分配、浓硫酸磺化净化技术、气相色谱OV－1701毛细管柱内标法对桔梗、牛蒡子和两头尖中有机氯农药残留进行了研究，结果表明：这3种中药材中均有不同程度的有机氯农药残留，但基本上未超过国家标准中人参有机氯农药最大允许残留限量。     

鄂东(北)茶园土壤及茶叶中的农药残留

采用气相色谱法测定了鄂东(北)茶园土壤和茶叶中六六六等13种农药的残留状况。检测结果表明,土壤中仅检出有机氯农药六六六、滴滴涕,其残留量分别在0.01￣0.08mg.kg-1和0.01～0.10mg.kg-1之间。综合污染指数分析结果表明,近66%的取样点土壤处于轻污染状态,污染的主要贡献因子是滴滴涕。茶样中检测出的农药品种为氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和喹硫磷,茶样农残结果满足无公害食品的标准,但不符合有机茶标准。     

SPE-HPLC测定黄瓜中除虫脲灭幼脲和杀铃脲的残留检测方法

采用固相萃取(SPE)和液相色谱(HPLC)相结合的方法对除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲在黄瓜中的残留检测条件进行了研究。结果表明,本法采用乙腈提取经盐析脱水后,取5.0mL稀释1倍直接上样,经甲醇洗脱后定容至4.0mL,摇匀后进液相色谱直接检测,方法简便易于操作。3种农药的最小检出浓度分别为0.0143mg·kg-1,0.0167mg·kg-1,0.020mg·kg-1,高浓度、中浓度和低浓度的平均添加回收率分别为95.11%～99.35%,94.00%～101.63%,101.65%～105.15%。变异系数分别为1.35%～1.84%,3.77%～6.09%,2.63%～8.09%。     

当前我省农业害虫化学防治面临的新问题及其对策

本文在调查研究的基础上,对湖南省农业害虫化学防治中药效明显下降的原因进行了分析,提出了解决这一问题的对策。     

甘蔗病虫害防治技术及高效低毒农药应用

对严重影响甘蔗生产的8种甘蔗主要害虫和5种甘蔗常见流行性病害的发生危害特点进行了探讨和综述。依据甘蔗病虫害的危害特点,提出以农业防治方法为基础,物理防治灯光诱杀、生物防治为辅,减少虫源病源,统一化防为重点和抓好关键时期科学用药的综合防治措施,从而达到高效、快速、持续、有效控制甘蔗病虫害的发生危害,确保甘蔗生产持续稳定健康发展。     

Effect of short term exposure of fenvalerate on biochemical and haematological responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings

Experiment was carried out to determine the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of fenvalerate to Labeo rohita fingerlings. After determining the LC₅₀ value of fenvalerate, a sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC₅₀) of fenvalerate was exposed for 15 days. Significant alterations in SOD (P < 0.05) activity of liver and gill was observed due to fenvalerate. Catalase activity in gills of fishes was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). WBC, NBT and Hct values were reduced significantly in fenvalerate exposed fishes as compared to control group, whereas blood glucose level showed higher values in fenvalerate exposed group. Serum total protein and albumin were also reduced significantly as a result of fenvalerate exposure. Significant increase in the serum GOT, serum GPT, creatinine, triglyceride and serum ACP was noticed after 15 days of fenvalerate exposure. Results indicated that short term exposure of fenvalerate can induce biochemical and haematological alterations causing stress to L. rohita fingerlings.     

茶叶中7种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检测技术研究

本文对茶叶中7种有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检测的前处理技术进行了研究,对比了2种不同的提取溶剂对农药回收率、净化效果的影响,建立了丙酮∶正己烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化的方法。本方法回收率在82.3～109.8%之间,变异系数3.3～10.22%,最低检出浓度为0.001mg/kg。该种残留分析前处理方法具有操作简便、成本低、回收率高、精密度好的特点。