山东省不同地区棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性检测及酶抑制剂的增效作用研究

为明确山东省棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性水平,采用毛细管微量点滴法测定了泰安、聊城和东营3个田间种群及1个敏感种群对吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、噻虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性,同时测定了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和增效醚(PBO)3种酶抑制剂的增效作用。结果表明:泰安棉蚜种群对烯啶虫胺的抗性倍数为16.95,处于中等抗性水平,对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的抗性倍数分别为5.69和9.57,已产生低水平抗性,对噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的抗性倍数均小于3.0,仍较敏感;聊城棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为28.51、25.88和18.16,属中等抗性水平,对噻虫啉和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为6.01和6.37,已产生低水平抗性,对烯啶虫胺仍处于敏感阶段;东营棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为37.95、21.52和12.95,已产生中等水平抗性,对噻虫啉、烯啶虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为7.07、6.38和4.75,处于低水平抗性阶段。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO和羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP对6种供试新烟碱类杀虫剂的增效作用明显,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂DEM对这6种药剂也具有一定的增效作用。研究表明,山东省泰安等3地区棉蚜种群对6种新烟碱类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性,多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶可能在棉蚜对该类杀虫剂的抗性中起主要作用,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶可能也具有一定的作用。     

几种农药对草原毛虫的防效试验

采用喷雾法,用几种农药对草原毛虫进行防治,结果表明,生物源农药瑞·苏1.2%微乳剂对草原毛虫,速效性较好,持效期长,药后7~14d防治效果保持在80%~90%。     

蔬菜中31种农药残留量的气相色谱测定*

 介绍了蔬菜中19种有机磷、12种拟除虫菊酯共31种农药残留量的测定方法。样品中残留的农药经提取后分取乙腈相2份,其中1份浓缩后注入气相色谱仪中,经毛细管柱分离,用火焰光度检测器（FPD）同时测定19种有机磷类农药残留量;第2份样液经弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱（SPE）净化后注入气相色谱仪中,经毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器（ECD）同时测定12种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量。在青椒中添加农药浓度为0.05～0.20mg/kg时,31种农药的平均回收率为74.20%～103.5%,相对标准偏差0.48%～16.0%,方法检出限0.001～0.020mg/kg。方法具有操作简单、分析速度快、准确度和精密度高等优点     

蔬菜中氟铃脲·氟苯脲·氟虫脲和氟啶脲的高效液相色谱分析

[目的]建立蔬菜中氟铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲和氟啶脲4种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析方法。[方法]芹菜、芜菁、萝卜和卷心菜试样经乙腈提取、石油醚和丙酮萃取、弗罗里硅土柱吸附净化后,进行高效液相色谱测定。[结果]该方法的回收率均大于80%,氟铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲和氟啶脲的最低检出限分别为0.04、0.05、0.04和0.03mg/L。[结论]该方法分离效果好,价格低廉,操作简便。     

昆虫鱼尼丁受体及以其为靶标的杀虫剂的研究进展

植物保护领域以昆虫鱼尼丁受体(ryanodine receptor,RyR)为靶标的杀虫剂的研发取得了突破性进展。对近年来RyR在分子结构、功能调节,以及对以RyR为靶标的杀虫剂的作用机制方面的研究进展进行了综述。昆虫RyR与哺乳动物RyR仅有约47%的同源性,因而是一个有效的杀虫剂靶标。昆虫RyR克隆与表达技术的成熟为新型杀虫剂的开发和作用机制的研究提供了有力的工具。昆虫RyR单通道、配体结合和免疫学特性的研究补充了RyR的电生理学数据。近年来开发的新型RyR杀虫剂通过激活害虫鱼尼丁敏感的细胞内钙离子释放通道来达到杀虫的效果。     

Efficacy of the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin against Bactrocera oleae populations from Greece, and improved diagnostic for an iAChE mutation

BACKGROUND: The most important pest of olive orchards worldwide is the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Its control in Greece has been based on organophosphates (OPs), but their intense use has led to the development of resistance. A test previously developed to monitor the trait may not be as robust as originally thought. The pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin has recently been registered for bait sprays, as an alternative to OPs. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 20 B. oleae populations to alpha-cypermethrin was examined. Variation was observed in their response, with LD(50) ranging from 0.14 to 3.28 ng insect(-1) and resistance factors from 2.3 to 54.7. Resistance mechanisms were investigated. Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase activities showed an association with resistance. Sequences in the domain IIS4-IIS6 of the B. oleae para-type sodium channel were also analysed, but no resistance-associated mutations were identified. Finally, a novel diagnostic assay able to reliably monitor the frequency of the iAChE G488S resistance mutation was developed. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against B. oleae from Greece. Data showed that it can be used effectively, but also highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. The application of the novel iAChE molecular diagnostic may facilitate the introduction of pyrethroids alongside OPs currently in use.     

The adverse impact of the neonicotinoid seed treatment ban on crop protection in oilseed rape in the United Kingdom

This paper describes the consequences of the ban on neonicotinoid seed treatments on pest management in oilseed rape. Since the ban was implemented in December 2013, there have been serious crop losses in 2014, 2015 and 2016 owing to cabbage stem flea beetles, Psylliodes chrysocephala, and aphids, Myzus persicae, which have developed resistance to the alternative pyrethroid sprays that were employed to control them. This has resulted in increased crop losses, decreased yields and a substantial decrease in the area grown, leading to fewer flowering crops available in the spring, especially in the eastern region of the United Kingdom. This is likely to have an adverse effect on bees locally. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry