基于叶片保水力的烟叶烘烤水分干燥模型构建

[目的]研究不同烟区、品种及部位烟叶保水力与水分干燥模型参数的关系,为烟叶烘烤提供简易、精准的水分预测方法并为烟草精准烘烤提供理论依据.[方法]以江西和湖南烟区烤烟品种K326和云烟87不同部位烟叶为试验材料,采用称重法测定烟叶保水力,结合水分干燥原理及水分干燥模型对烘烤过程中烟叶水分变化进行拟合求解,并对烟叶保水力与模型参数进行回归分析.[结果]不同部位间烟叶保水力随烟叶部位的升高而增加,不同品种间K326保水力均大于云烟87;除湖南烟区K326上部叶保水力大于江西烟区外,不同烟区间江西烟区烟叶保水力均大于湖南烟区.不同烟区、品种及部位烟叶Wang and Singh模型拟合决定系数R2均大于0.95,且模型干燥参数a与烟叶保水力呈正相关,与干燥参数b呈负相关.烟叶保水力与模型干燥参数a、b之间线性回归结果显示:烟叶保水力与模型参数a、b显著水平P均小于0.05,且线性拟合决定系数R2均大于0.95.[结论]常规烘烤过程中烟叶水分比变化符合Wang and Singh模型,且烟叶保水力与干燥模型参数a、b存在极显著相关,可依据烟叶保水力精准估算模型参数预测烟叶烘烤过程中水分变化.     

萝卜清除DPPH自由基活性研究

[目的]研究萝卜清除DPPH自由基的活性.[方法]通过对萝卜叶水提物、水提物不同极性部位萃取物、萝卜中脂肪油类有效成分β-谷甾醇进行清除DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基活性测试,对萝卜的抗氧化能力进行评价.[结果]以柠檬酸为对照其清除能力大小顺序为：乙酸乙酯层＞二氯甲烷层＞萝卜叶水提物＞β-谷甾醇＞石油醚层＞柠檬酸.[结论]萝卜具有较好的抗氧化能力.     

桃红叶植原体检测及鉴定

对表现红叶的桃植株进行植原体16SrRNA基因PCR扩增,得到1.2kb的特异片段.将此片段与pGEM T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆茵DH5α感受态细胞中.通过酶切、PCR鉴定,对筛选得到的重组阳性克隆进行序列测定及同源性比较分析,确定该株系属于翠菊黄化植原体组(Aster yellows group,16SrI).在国内首次报道了翠菊黄化组中的植原体侵染桃树.     

加工型辣椒细菌性叶斑病病原菌生物学特性及抑菌药剂筛选

研究了新疆加工型辣椒细菌性斑点病病原菌Pseudomonas syringae pv .syringae 的部分生物学特征,并采用室内平板抑菌和盆栽试验对6种杀菌剂的防病效果进行了测定和筛选.结果表明,辣椒细菌性斑点病病原菌最适合生长的培养基为BPA培养基.25~30℃为适宜生长温度,最适温度为28℃.适宜在 pH6.5~8.0环境中生长,最适 pH 值为7.病原菌在1％ NaCl浓度下生长良好,大于4％ NaCl 生长受抑制.供试药剂的室内平板抑菌效果为：可杀得2000＞乙酸铜＞链霉素＞志信101＞红星-2氢氧化铜＞志信2000,可杀得2000和乙酸铜的EC50值分别为5.954 mg/L和7.439 mg/L.盆栽试验结果显示,在发病前保护性喷施各药剂的防病效果（43.34％~80.84％）优于发病后治疗性施药（12.35％~49.54％）,其中可杀得2000和红星-2氢氧化铜的防治效果较好.     

Growth survey of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in fertilizer trial by low-altitude small-balloon sensing

Abstract

Both efficiency and precision of field-grown plant biomass survey are expected to be improved when aerial images of whole fields are acquired. Many such studies have been conducted in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Phasaeolus vulgaris), but few in vegetables. In this study, we examined whether or not aerial image analysis is useful for the biomass survey of vegetables. Aerial images of field-grown crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a three-year fertilizer trial were acquired at head formation and harvesting stages in summer and autumn cropping with a compact digital camera hung under a tethered small balloon (2.2 m in length, 0.56 m³ in volume). The camera height ranged from 36 to 65 m, and the ground resolution ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 cm pixel ^?1. The horizontally projected area of the plant was measured as follows: Aerial images of the field were topographically corrected, the lettuce part was extracted based on the difference in color, the images were binarized, and the projected area was determined by image processing software. The estimation of fresh weight of one plant from the projected area was difficult because of the large data dispersion. When the averaged projected area in each plot was used, estimation was improved in some cases. Estimation of fresh weight at the harvesting stage by using the projected area at the head formation stage was difficult due to the low correlation coefficient. The results of factor analysis of fertilizer treatments by using projected area agreed well with those done using fresh weight when the correlation coefficient between the projected area and the fresh weight was high. It was concluded that the estimation of absolute lettuce fresh weight was difficult, but relative comparisons among treatments were possible until the head formation stage, using aerial images acquired by low-altitude small-balloon sensing.     

基于颜色特征的叶片含水率与比叶重估算模型初探

通过不同氮素营养水平的水培试验,采用线性拟合和逐步回归分析,建立了黄瓜叶片干基含水率与比叶重的颜色特征估算模型。结果表明：颜色特征与叶片干基含水率、比叶重的线性拟合分析中,S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R和H/S构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片干基含水率相关密切;S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R、H/S和H/I构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片比叶重相关密切。运用逐步回归分析技术找出了G/(R+G+B)和G-R可以作为叶片干基含水量估算的主要颜色特征参数; G/(R+G+B)和H/I是叶片比叶重估算的主要颜色特征参数。     

水氮耦合条件下烤烟叶面积指数变化的模型研究

在蒸渗仪条件下,对不同水氮互作处理的烤烟叶面积指数随时间(移栽后天数)的变化曲线,建立相关模型,进行拟合分析研究。结果表明,烤烟全生育期内叶面积指数变化呈现缓慢增长,快速增长和衰退3个阶段,水氮互作处理间的叶面积指数相差不大;线性模型和指数模型均能较好的拟合叶面积指数的动态变化,经筛选,指数模型拟合的相关系数和精度较高,参数少,具有更强的实用性。     

海南50个甘蔗品种黄叶病毒的分子鉴定

为明确国家甘蔗体系集成示范及区试甘蔗品种在海南省被甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV)侵染情况及病毒基因型类型,从集成示范及区试的50个甘蔗品种上采集带有显著病症或不显病症样品50份,采用特异引物通过RT-PCR方法进行甘蔗黄叶病毒检测和病毒基因型鉴定。结果表明:50个甘蔗品种中有31个被检测到SCYLV,检出率为62%;病毒基因型有古巴(CUP)基因型、巴西-秘鲁(BAR-PER)基因型和留尼汪岛(REU)基因型3种,主要以CUP基因型为主,占58.06%,其次是BAR-PER基因型,占51.61%,REU基因型最少,占29.03%;未发现CHN1、CHN2、CHN3基因型。另外,不同基因型混合侵染现象普遍存在,总混合侵染率达32.26%。可见,海南国家甘蔗体系集成示范及区试甘蔗品种严重感染甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV),且存在不同基因型混合侵染,建议推广种植脱毒种苗来控制甘蔗黄叶病的发生。本研究为在海南蔗区推广和种植甘蔗脱毒种苗及抗病育种提供了理论支持。      

大豆品种的抗病性与叶片内苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性关系的研究

在抗病品种东农9674，东农1572和感病品种黑农39，东农95-165上接种大豆灰斑病菌的1号，2号，4号，6号，7号等5个生理小种，测定从接种到显症前与抗性有关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化。研究结果表明，抗病的大豆品种接种不同生理小种的灰斑病菌后，PAL的活性分别从第6-7天起吴上升趋势且明显高于对照；相反感病品种从8-9天起PAL活性明显低于对照，因此说明PAL的活性与大豆抗灰斑病性呈正相关关系。     

影响木薯叶片蛋白质双向电泳图谱的因素分析

以木薯华南205为试材,采用苯酚抽提法提取叶片蛋白质,并通过双向电泳技术研究影响木薯叶片蛋白电泳分析图谱的主要因素。结果表明：pH 4～7的IPG胶条可提高特定范围蛋白质点的分辨率;上样量200 μg可得到较好的双向电泳图谱。本研究不仅为进一步研究木薯叶片蛋白电泳分析提供技术手段,同时也为分析木薯块根、茎和繁殖器官的蛋白质提供参考。