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41.
基于主成分分析的蓝莓果实质地品质评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为完善蓝莓果实质地品质评价体系,应用物性分析仪整果穿刺和质地多面分析法对22个蓝莓品种的果实质地品质进行测定,分析各质地参数间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法建立蓝莓果实质地品质优劣评价模型,对22个蓝莓品种的果实质地品质进行综合评价。结果表明,代表蓝莓果实质地品质的10个质地参数均存在品种间差异,其中品种间果皮破裂距离、果皮脆性、果皮韧性、果实硬度、粘附性、咀嚼性和回复性差异较大,果皮强度、弹性和内聚性差异较小。蓝莓果皮破裂距离与果皮强度、果皮韧性呈极显著正相关,果皮脆性与果皮韧性、果皮破裂距离呈极显著负相关,果实硬度与果实弹性呈显著负相关,咀嚼性与果实硬度、粘附性、弹性呈显著正相关,回复性与内聚性呈极显著正相关。采用主成分分析法建立了蓝莓果实质地品质综合评价指数模型,筛选出综合评价蓝莓果实质地品质的核心指标:果实硬度、果皮脆性和果实回复性。果实质地品质优良的参评蓝莓品种依次为大粒蓝金、克瑞顿、布莱登、陶柔、夏普蓝、莱格西、奥尼尔、泽西、米德、双迪。本研究结果为高品质蓝莓品种选育和良种采后储运、加工及销售提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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ANTONELLA PUGGIONI RICHARD ARNETT TRACY CLEGG MARK GLYDE EMMA TOBIN HESTER McALLISTER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(5):449-452
The aim of this project was to determine the effect of patient position on the L5-L6 mid-laminar distance (MLD). The lumbar area of 22 recently euthanatized dogs of various breeds was radiographed in three positions: lateral recumbency with the spine in neutral position, lateral recumbency with the spine flexed in a kyphotic position, and sternal recumbency with the spine flexed in a kyphotic position. Digital images of the radiographs were analyzed using a computer program that allowed measurement of the MLD between L5-L6 in the three positions. The L5 and L6 MLD was significantly larger in sternal recumbency with the spine flexed (142.3 units) than both in lateral recumbency with the spine flexed (138.7 units; P= 0.001) and lateral recumbency with the spine in the neutral position (135.8 units; P < or = 0.001). The MLD in lateral recumbency with the spine flexed was significantly larger than in lateral recumbency with the spine in neutral position (P = 0.005). Positioning a dog in sternal recumbency with the spine flexed produces a significantly larger MLD than in lateral recumbency with the spine flexed; this should simplify needle placement when performing a lumbar puncture. 相似文献
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Suber RL Kodell RL 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1985,14(1):23-30
The effects of three phlebotomy techniques - periorbital sinus puncture, tail vein incision and cardiac puncture - were determined on seven hematological parameters and seven clinical chemical parameters in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The mean erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced with cardiac puncture as compared to the other two techniques. There was a statistically significant increase in the variance of each of these parameters except the leukocyte count. The mean serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate animotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine were greater in samples collected by cardiac puncture than with the periorbital sinus and tail vein techniques. A statistically significant difference in variance was observed between the orbital sinus puncture and the cardiac puncture for each of these parameters. In all cases except lactate dehydrogenase, the values from the orbital sinus and tail vein techniques were comparable for both hematology and clinical chemistry. A large variance was found by all three techniques for both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the rat. Over 60% of the serum samples were hemolyzed from the cardiac puncture technique while approximately 25% of the serum samples from tail vein incision were hemolyzed. In this laboratory the lack of hemolysis and the lower variance make the periorbital sinus venipuncture technique the method of choice for collection of blood samples from rats. 相似文献
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四种特色品种小苹果采后生理及耐贮性比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
探究四个特色小苹果品种采后生理品质及质地变化规律,为制定特色小苹果最佳贮藏货架期提供科学依据和理论参考。该研究以‘龙丰’‘金红’‘塞外红’‘乙女’4个特色小苹果为试验材料,在常温(20±1)℃条件下放置14 d,测定果实品质指标(硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、乙醇和乙醛含量、乙烯释放量)以及穿刺参数(果肉硬度、果肉做功、破裂力、屈服力)和质地多面分析(Texture Profile Analysis)参数(脆裂性、内聚性、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性)等指标的动态变化,并对以上指标进行综合评分。结果表明不同品种小苹果果实的硬度、可滴定酸、维生素C含量随贮藏时间不断下降,可溶性固形物含量变化较小,其中‘龙丰’果实硬度、维生素C含量和可滴定酸含量下降均较低,常温贮藏性能优良;‘塞外红’刚采收时品质高,但在常温贮藏期间,硬度下降最大,品质下降较快,常温贮藏性能较差。‘金红’和‘乙女’硬度、维生素C含量下降也较大,且‘金红’和‘乙女’果实的乙醇、乙醛含量出现峰值,而其他小苹果的乙醇、乙醛含量均大体呈缓慢上升的趋势。不同品种小苹果果实的乙烯释放量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,均出现一个呼吸高峰,‘龙... 相似文献
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梨果肉质地性状分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
【目的】比较不同梨品种的果肉质地特性,探讨反映梨果实质地状况的评价参数,为研究梨的内在品质提供依据。【方法】应用质构仪质地多面分析法(TPA:质地参数包括脆度、硬度、弹性、回复性、凝聚性、咀嚼性)和穿刺试验(Puncture test:质地参数包括破裂力、破裂位移、破裂能、屈服力、屈服位移和屈服能)对成熟期采收的14个梨品种的果实果肉质地进行测定,通过多元分析得出质地参数之间的关系。【结果】基于TPA和穿刺试验的分析结果表明,不同梨品种之间果肉质地之间有一定的差异。与‘鸭梨’、‘丰水’、‘美人酥’等相比,‘粉酪’、‘晚秀’、‘南水’等品种具有较高的果肉硬度、脆度和咀嚼性;与‘鸭梨’、‘丰水’、‘黄金’等相比,‘粉酪’、‘晚秀’、‘满天红’等品种具有较高的破裂力、破裂能、屈服力和屈服能。相对来说,不同品种之间的果肉破裂位移和屈服位移的差别较小。相关分析表明,除弹性、屈服位移和破裂位移外,梨果肉质地参数中脆度、硬度、回复性、凝聚性、咀嚼性、屈服力、屈服能、破裂力、破裂能之间相关性显著,大多呈正相关关系;聚类分析将14个品种分为松软(如‘丰水’、‘黄金’、‘黄冠’等)、硬脆(如‘晚秀’)、坚硬(如‘粉酪’)等3种不同的果肉质地类型;主成分分析表明,前3个主成分对梨果肉质地的贡献率达到92.196%,第1主成分反映了果肉的咀嚼特性;第2主成分反映了果肉的弹性和屈服性;第3主成分反映了果肉的破裂特性;并且,在梨果肉质地中,果肉硬度、破裂力、脆度等对质地的影响较大,弹性和破裂位移次之。【结论】不同梨品种之间的果肉质地存在差异;梨果肉大多数的TPA参数与穿刺试验参数呈显著正相关;果肉硬度、破裂力、脆度是影响梨果肉质地的重要参数。 相似文献
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质构仪穿刺试验检测冬枣质地品质方法的建立 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
【目的】丰富鲜食枣果实品质评价的内容,为合理指导生产、建立标准化、统一化的鲜食枣果实质地评价方法提供理论依据和技术手段。【方法】采用质构仪质地整果穿刺法进行试验,通过对不同来源的冬枣进行质地检测、Macro程序编辑和测得数据的方差分析,建立一套适合鲜食枣果实的质地检测方法。【结果】主要试验参数为:采用完整的冬枣为试验对象,每果取最大横径处阴阳面2个部位测定(取平均值),各样品随机取20个(以上)果实进行测定;采用P/2n针状探头(直径2 mm),测前速度5 mm8226;s-1,贯入速度1 mm8226;s-1,测后速度5 mm8226;s-1,最小感知力5 g,穿刺深度小于最小样品的果肉厚度(冬枣,5 mm),感应力阈值2 g;通过设定的Macro程序,可在所得演示曲线中得到:果皮强度(g)、果皮破裂深度(mm)、果皮脆性(g8226;s-1)、果皮韧性(g×s)、果肉最大硬度(g)、果肉平均硬度(g)和果肉匀质指数等参数。【结论】该方法能够检测出不同生产园、不同含水量和不同贮藏时间冬枣的质地差异,同样适用于其它鲜食枣品种以及其它带皮食用的小型水果的质地分析。 相似文献
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不同轻微损伤方式下鲜枣整果力学特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考虑鲜枣在采摘和运输过程中造成损伤的可能性,针对4种轻微损伤方式下的壶瓶枣在贮藏过程中力学特性的变化进行了研究。应用质构分析仪对壶瓶枣进行压缩-穿刺实验,得到贮藏期间壶瓶枣整果的最大穿刺力(坚实度)、果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度和果肉平均硬度4个主要力学参数的变化及相互关系。结果表明:(1)壶瓶枣整果最大穿刺力与果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度、果肉平均硬度均呈显著正相关(R=0.888~0.962),与果皮脆性的相关性程度最高(R=0.962);壶瓶枣整果的果皮脆性与果肉最大硬度、果肉平均硬度也具有较好的相关性(R=0.969~0.987),且存在显著的正相关性。(2)4种损伤方式下的自变量果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度和果肉平均硬度解释了最大穿刺力的总变异性的99.6%、96.6%、98.4%和80.6%。(3)贮藏期间壶瓶枣整果各项质地参数总体呈下降趋势,且4种损伤方式的质地参数下降规律有所差异性。因此,质构仪分析法能很好地反映壶瓶枣整果各项质地参数变化规律,适合于评价不同轻微损伤方式下的壶瓶枣贮藏期间整果质地变化情况。 相似文献