北京鸭脊髓动脉的观察

用乳胶灌注北京鸭脊髓动脉10例,肉眼及解剖镜下观察。得到结果如下:供应北京鸭脊髓的动脉有:脊髓腹侧动脉1条、脊髓背外侧动脉2条和脊髓背正中动脉1条。脊髓腹侧动脉最粗大,伸延于脊髓全长,前端接脑基底动脉,伸延途中得到根动脉腹侧支的加强。在颈段,脊髓腹侧动脉为双干。脊髓背外侧动脉较细小,前面接小脑后动脉,途中由背侧根动脉加强,该动脉伸延于脊髓全长。脊髓背正中动脉位于脊髓的背正中沟内,只伸延于 C_(12)～L_1节段范围内。根动脉由枕动脉、椎动脉升支、椎动脉降支、肋间动脉、腰动脉、荐动脉和尾动脉发出。根动脉沿脊神经根入椎管,分为腹侧支和背侧支。根动脉腹侧支与脊髓腹侧动脉相联结的形式在不同节段不同。两条脊髓背外侧动脉间由交通支相连。供应脊髓内部的血液由发自于脊髓腹侧动脉的沟动脉、周缘动脉和发自于脊髓背侧动脉的周缘动脉的穿质支供给。     

酶消化法分离培养肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞

试验旨在探讨胶原酶消化法分离并培养肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pul monary artery smooth muscle cell,PASMC)的方法。将1～7日龄雏鸡的肺动脉中膜剪成小于1 mm2的组织块,0.1%Ⅱ型胶原酶消化分离PASMC并进行原代培养和传代培养。倒置显微镜下观察培养细胞的形态,对培养细胞进行HE染色和光学显微镜观察,并采用抗α-肌动蛋白单克隆抗体(α-Smooth muscle actin)免疫组化染色法检测细胞胞浆内α-肌动蛋白的表达,用以鉴定所培养的细胞。结果表明,倒置显微镜下细胞为长梭形,呈典型的"峰—谷"状,未见明显异型细胞。α-actin胞浆染色阳性细胞数占总细胞数的97%以上。因此,胶原酶消化法可用于分离培养肉鸡PASMC,且有方法简单,成活细胞数多、传代周期短的特点,可用于肉鸡心血管疾病如肺动脉高压和肺血管重构的研究工作。     

体外培养肉鸡肺动脉内皮细胞的脂质过氧化损伤

采用组织贴块法培养肉鸡肺动脉内皮细胞(PAEC),并依据细胞形态学特点和凝血因子Ⅷ相关抗原免疫组化染色结果对所培养的细胞进行鉴定.以黄嘌呤/ 黄嘌呤氧化酶(X/XO) 系统作为氧自由基发生系统建立PAEC氧化损伤模型.结果表明:肉鸡PAEC在体外能够存活并传5～6代.形态学观察和Ⅷ因子抗原免疫组化染色检查证明培养的细胞符合肺动脉内皮细胞的特点.氧自由基能够明显损伤PAEC,X/XO系统作用下细胞生长被抑制,甚至导致细胞死亡,并且这种抑制作用对XO有剂量依赖性.与正常对照组相比,损伤组PAEC培养液中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,提示氧自由基促进了PAEC的脂质过氧化.这说明氧自由基对肉鸡肺动脉内皮细胞具有损伤作用,可能在肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的发病过程中起重要作用.     

肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征自然病例肺血管重构的形态学研究

抽取 2 0羽与缺氧有关的肺动脉高压综合征 (Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome,PHS)自然病鸡和与之相对应的 2 0羽同种、同龄健康 AA肉鸡 ,以腹腔存有大量腹水和右心室 (Rightventricle,RV )与全心室 (Total ventricle,TV )的重量比 (RV/ TV)作为判定肺动脉高压的主要临床指标 ,用组织形态学方法建立肉鸡肺细小动脉血管肌化的分型标准 ,并对患PHS肉鸡和健康肉鸡肺细小动脉结构变化进行定量检测和比较分析。结果显示 :患 PHS肉鸡的血管肌化百分率、RV/ TV均极显著性高于健康肉鸡 (P<0 .0 1) ;血管非肌化百分率和血管密度则极显著性降低 (P<0 .0 1) ;图片显示 ,血管内膜及中膜细胞增生肥厚。从而揭示了缺氧性肺动脉高压肉鸡肺血管已发生了以非肌性动脉肌型化 ,肌性动脉管壁增生肥厚为主要特征的血管重构现象。     

Immunohistochemical detection of IgM and IgG in lung tissue of dogs with leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS)

Leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) is a severe form of leptospirosis. Pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Lung tissues from 26 dogs with LPHS, 5 dogs with pulmonary haemorrhage due to other causes and 6 healthy lungs were labelled for IgG (n = 26), IgM (n = 25) and leptospiral antigens (n = 26). Three general staining patterns for IgG/IgM were observed in lungs of dogs with LPHS with most tissues showing more than one staining pattern: (1) alveolar septal wall staining, (2) staining favouring alveolar surfaces and (3) staining of intra-alveolar fluid. Healthy control lung showed no staining, whereas haemorrhagic lung from dogs not infected with Leptospira showed staining of intra-alveolar fluid and occasionally alveolar septa. Leptospiral antigens were not detected. We conclude that deposition of IgG/IgM is demonstrable in the majority of canine lungs with naturally occurring LPHS, similar to what has been described in other species. Our findings suggest involvement of the host humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of LPHS and provide further evidence to support the dog as a natural disease model for human LPHS.     

沙丁胺醇联合中药穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的疗效观察

目的 探讨沙丁胺醇联合中药穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）的疗效。方法 将120名COPD患者分成实验组和对照组,对照组采用单纯沙丁胺醇治疗,实验组采用沙丁胺醇联合中药穴位敷贴治疗。观察两组临床疗效情况、Borg评分变化情况、肺功能[用力肺活量（FVC）、1s 用力呼气容积（FEVl）、1s用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比（FEVl/FVC）、]以及血气指标[动脉血氧分压（PaO²）以及二氧化碳分压（PaCO²）]变化情况。结果 实验组总有效率为91.67%,明显对高于对照组的73.33%,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;实验组Borg评分指数改善情况明显优于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗后两组患者FVC、FEVl、FEVl/FVC均较治疗前增高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;治疗后,两组患者PaO²较治疗前升高、PaCO²较治疗前下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,且实验组PaO²高于对照组、PaCO²低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 沙丁胺醇联合中药穴位贴敷治疗COPD相比单用沙丁胺醇治疗,能显著改善肺功能情况,显著提高疗效,值得临床应用与推广。     

Comparison of Biological Responses in Rats Under Various Cigarette Smoke Exposure Conditions

A variety of exposure regimens of cigarette smoke have been used in animal models of lung diseases. In this study, we compared biological responses of smoke exposure in rats, using different smoke concentrations (wet total particulate matter [WTPM]), daily exposure durations, and total days of exposure. As a range-finding acute study, we first compared pulmonary responses between SD and F344 strains after a single nose-only exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke or LPS. Secondly, F344 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 or 13 weeks under the comparable daily exposure dose (WTPM concentration x daily exposure duration; according to Haber’s rule) but at a different WTPM concentration or daily exposure duration. Blood carboxylhemoglobin was increased linearly to the WTPM concentration, while urinary nicotine plus cotinine value was higher for the longer daily exposure than the corresponding shorter exposure groups. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased dose dependently after 2 and 13 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure, while the neutrophil content in BALF was not increased notably. Smoke-exposed groups showed reduced body weight gain and increased relative lung and heart weights. While BALF parameters and the relative lung weights suggest pulmonary responses, histopathological examination showed epithelial lesions mainly in the upper respiratory organs (nose and larynx). Collectively, the results indicate that, under the employed study design, the equivalent daily exposure dose (exposure concentration x duration) induces equivalent pulmonary responses in rats.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者痰病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析本院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD）患者痰菌分布及耐药特点,更好的指导早期临床用药。方法 采集2014年8月到2016年7月本院呼吸病房的613例行痰培养的AECOPD患者的临床资料及痰培养结果,分析其痰菌分布及耐药特点。结果 送检痰标本共检出病菌406株,其中革兰阴性菌、真菌、革兰阳性菌各247株（60.8%）、103株（25.4%）、56株（13.8%）,常见的病菌包括铜绿假单胞菌（17.0%）、白假丝酵母菌（12.8%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（9.9%）、鲍氏/溶血不动杆菌（8.1%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（7.9%）、大肠埃希氏菌（6.9%）、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（6.9%）。大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）阳性率分别为71.4%和34.4%,二者对大部分抗生素有不同程度耐药,铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏/溶血不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌耐药率均较高。结论 革兰阴性杆菌为AECOPD患者痰培养的主要菌群,总体耐药性高,结合当地病菌分布及耐药特点选用抗菌药物尤为重要。     

脑钠肽治疗肺栓塞的临床效果及对肺动脉收缩压和Tei指数的影响

目的 观察脑钠肽(BNP)治疗肺栓塞(PE)的疗效.方法 82例肺栓塞患者随机分为脑钠肽组和对照组,每组41例.脑钠肽组在常规治疗基础上加用脑钠肽治疗,对照组采用常规治疗.观察两组临床疗效,测定两组治疗前后肺动脉收缩压和Tei指数.结果 脑钠肽组总有效率为90.2％.高于对照组68.3％(P＜0.05);治疗后,脑钠肽...