基于非正式规则的农村公共事务治理路径探索——以江西省Z村为例

从非正式规则的含义与农村公共事务治理的现状出发,分析了江西Z村征地利益分配中非正式规则的表现、作用及其运作逻辑。乡政府对非正式规则的默许、村民的个体理性思想、参与公共事务的意愿等为非正式规则的利用提供了可能性,Z村利用非正式规则解决征地利益分配中的矛盾为农村公共事务治理提供了经验。     

关于修次《注册会计师法》若干问题的思考

我国现俄注册会计师法》存在诸多缺陷,急需从以下方而修改完善:一、确立诚实信用的基本原则。二、确立严格的法律责任。三、明确注册会计师、会计师事务所以及会计师事务所其他从业人员的法律责任关系。四、建立合理规范的注册会计师行业监管体系。五、调整会计师事务所的组织形式。六、做峨注册会计师法》与相关法律的协调。七、明确注册会计师执业准则的法律效力。八、建立注册会计师及会计师事务所的执业责任鉴定制度。九、强制执行注册会计师的执业责任保险。     

甘肃省农村公共产品供给与农户收入相关性分析

基于甘肃省的实际情况,通过建立甘肃省农村公共产品的供给与甘肃农户收入的计量经济学模型:lny=b0+b1lnx1+b2lnx2+b3lnx3+b4lnx4+b5x5+u,得出了甘肃省财政农业基本建设支出每增加1元人民币,农户收入将增加0.381元人民币的结论.据此认为:应该增加甘肃省财政支农资金的投入,确保财政支农资金增长速度不低于财政支出增长速度;应该调整甘肃省财政支农结构,加大对农村和农业生产性公共基础设施的投入力度.     

公共消费的理论创新与政策选择

公共消费包括政府自身消费和社会性消费,以公共风险为逻辑基础,并兼具经济和社会双重属性,既有利于维护经济稳定平衡,是可持续发展的基础;又有利于促进社会公平正义,是国民素质和社会文明程度提高的保障。目前理论界对公共消费问题的探讨大多基于经济视角,基于经济与社会双重视角审视公共消费理论,应树立“消费者主权”意识,明确我国公共消费政策方向。     

集体林权制度配套改革研究

简要分析我国集体林权制度改革历程,对林权改革面临的重点、难点问题进行了分析,并从调整林木采伐管理政策及取消商品林的限额采伐管理制度与林业规费等方面提出集体林权制度改革的配套改革措施与建议.最后提出重新认识生态公益林补偿制度.     

Agroenvironmental determinants associated with the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in beach waters in Quebec, Canada

Exposure to microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials may constitute a health risk to human populations. It is believed that one route of exposure occurs when people engage in recreational activities in water contaminated with these microorganisms. The main objective of this study was to explore population-level and environmental determinants specifically associated with the presence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) generic Escherichia coli isolated from recreational waters sampled from beaches located in southern Quebec, Canada. Water samples originated from the Quebec provincial beach surveillance program for the summers of 2004 and 2005. This study focused on three classes of determinants, namely: agricultural, population-level and beach characteristics for a total of 19 specific factors. The study was designed as a retrospective observational analysis and factors were assessed using logistic regression methods. From the multivariable analysis, the data suggested that the percentage of land used for spreading liquid manure was a significant factor associated with the presence of AMR E. coli (OR=27.73). Conceptually, broad factors potentially influencing the presence of AMR bacteria in water must be assessed specifically in addition to factors associated with general microbial contamination. Presence of AMR E. coli in recreational waters from beaches in southern Quebec may represent a risk for people engaging in water activities and this study provides preliminary evidence that agricultural practices, specifically spreading liquid manure in agricultural lands nearby beaches, may be linked to the contamination of these waters by AMR E. coli.     

A Qualitative Study of State‐Level Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in New England

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmittable between animals and humans and outbreaks of these diseases in animals can signify that humans are also infected (or vice versa). Thus, communication between animal and human health agencies is critical for surveillance. Understanding how these agencies conduct surveillance and share information is important for the development of successful automated zoonotic monitoring systems. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 professionals who perform animal or human zoonotic disease surveillance in one of the New England states. Questions centred on existing surveillance methods, collaborations between animal and human health agencies, and technological and data needs. The results showed that agencies routinely communicate over suspected zoonotic disease cases, yet there are barriers preventing automated electronic linking of health data of animals and humans. These include technological barriers and barriers due to sensitivity and confidentiality of information. Addressing these will facilitate the development of electronic systems for integrating animal and human zoonotic disease surveillance data.     

Evaluation of Pet‐Related Management Factors and the Risk of Salmonella spp. Carriage in Pet Dogs from Volunteer Households in Ontario (2005–2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine pet‐related management factors that may be associated with the presence of Salmonella spp. in feces of pet dogs from volunteer households. From October 2005 until May 2006, 138 dogs from 84 households in Ontario were recruited to participate in a cross‐sectional study. Five consecutive daily fecal samples were collected from each dog and enrichment culture for Salmonella spp. was performed. A higher than expected number of the dogs (23.2%; 32/138) had at least one fecal sample positive for Salmonella, and 25% (21/84) of the households had at least one dog shedding Salmonella. Twelve serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were identified, with the predominant serotypes being Typhimurium (33.3%; 13/39), Kentucky (15.4%; 6/39), Brandenburg (15.4%; 6/39) and Heidelberg (12.8%; 5/39). Univariable logistic regression models were created with a random effect for household to account for clustering. Statistically significant risk factors for a dog testing positive included having contact with livestock, receiving a probiotic in the previous 30 days, feeding a commercial or homemade raw food diet, feeding raw meat and eggs, feeding a homemade cooked diet, and having more than one dog in the household. In two‐variable models that controlled for feeding raw food, the non‐dietary variables were no longer statistically significant. These results highlight the potential public health risk of including raw animal products in canine diets.     

有关农村公共交通项目前社会评价研究

研究了社会评价发展和公共交通项目的社会特征,确定了公共交通项目前社会评价的内容,对应每项内容制定了相应的评价指标,形成了公交项目前社会评价指标体系,最终采用专家打分法和归一化方法对方案进行综合评分,进行方案社会综合效益的优比选.针对现状前社会评价存在问题,从监督、管理、教育等角度提出了保障措施.     

寒地村镇公共安全风险测度与评价体系研究——以黑龙江省望奎县为例

由于村镇公共安全问题的多样性和人类认知的局限性,村镇公共安全问题的解决现在面临着多重挑战.通过对村镇公共安全问题的简单界定,梳理了寒地村镇公共安全存在的问题,并采用主成分分析法(PCA),结合统计软件SPSS对望奎县15个乡镇的公共安全风险进行测度,找出影响公共安全水平的重要因子,计算出各乡镇公共安全风险的综合评价值,得到不同乡镇的风险排序,并根据分析结果对于公共安全承载力弱的村镇提出了规划改进策略,以期为相关研究提供借鉴.