广西自然保护区周边社区发展限制性因素分析

通过对广西龙虎山和银殿山两个自然保护区周边社区居民随机抽样,针对11项限制社区发展因素进行了问卷调查,并采用SPSS相关性和两独立样本t检验分析,结果显示：社区居民自身条件欠缺、社区自然禀赋欠佳和社区与外界关系不顺制约了自然保护区周边社区发展;社区可利用资源、政府行为和保护区留给社区的生存空间等与居民对保护区的态度之间具有明显的相关性.提出通过有效劳务输出、发展地方农业经和减少社区居民对限制社区发展因素的负面感知可有效改善保护区周边民生问题.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas

This work aimed to evaluate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 25 dogs with soft tissue sarcoma, and in 30 healthy dogs. Blood was collected once time from the control animals and three times, in the same way, from animals with sarcoma. Blood count was performed in the blood collected, and serum VEGF was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantitative method. Serum VEGF in control animals was similar to patients with soft tissue sarcoma. There was a reduction in serum VEGF after the sarcoma resection. There was positive correlation between serum VEGF and neutrophil counts, and negative between VEGF and hemoglobin content in animals with sarcoma. Animals with hemangiopericytoma showed higher serum VEGF levels compared to the patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath. Circulating blood cells can contribute to elevate VEGF serum concentrations in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas and a possible role of VEGF in the angiogenesis of these tumors.     

盐碱胁迫冬油菜的主导因素分析

用4种盐分为A因素（NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3和NaHCO3的依次盐分组成摩尔比为A1（1∶9∶9∶1）、A2（1∶1∶1∶1）、A3（9∶1∶1∶9）和A4（1∶1∶9∶9）与5种盐浓度为B因素（盐浓度B1、B2、B3、B4和B5 分别为10、20、30、40和50 mmol·L-1）的双因素试验,模拟20种不同盐度和pH的盐碱条件处理冬油菜“陇油6号”（Brassica campestris cv.Longyou No.6）的种子和幼苗7 d后,测定其种子发芽率、幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力等指标。结果表明,随着处理盐浓度的增加,种子发芽率、幼苗根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量降低,叶片细胞膜透性和脯氨酸的含量增加;降低和增加程度由A1～A4大体增强,不同盐组成处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。用盐度(Na+)、pH值、CO32-和Cl-代表盐碱混合条件所有胁迫因素,胁迫因素与胁变指标间均具有高度线性相关性。pH值、盐度(Na+)和CO32-是盐碱混合条件对冬油菜胁迫的主导因素,而Cl-的胁迫作用也不可忽略。     

Experimental studies on the impact of an increased dose of anionic salts on the metabolism of dairy cows

Summary

This study was initiated to investigate the influence of a daily dose of anionic salts (AS) above the valid upper limit at present on metabolism of dairy cows. Eleven non‐pregnant and non‐lactating Holstein‐Friesian crossbred cows with a permanent rumen cannula were used in a study with a controlled feeding design. The initial daily dose was 2500 meq/day, which resulted in a Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD) of ‐211 meq/kg dry matter. Every seven days, the daily dose was raised by 500 meq. If a cow stopped eating, the application of AS was stopped and these cows were monitored over the next seven days. On day 30 another batch of hay, having the same DCAD but higher concentrations of minerals and energy, was fed. Blood and urine samples were taken to monitor acid‐base balance and calcium concentrations. Acid‐base balance was strongly influenced by AS. Blood pH dropped steadily and reached values around 7.23. Urine pH dropped quickly below 6 and remained at that level regardless of the increased dosage of AS. Net acid base excretion (NABE) fell continuously with the increase of the dosage of AS and reached values below ‐200 mmol/l. Calcium concentrations in the serum were nearly stable, but those in urine increased sharply and remained on an elevated level with increasing doses of AS. A few days before the individual cow's refusal of feed intake, calcium excretion in urine decreased. The majority of cows stopped eating while consuming a diet containing 3500 to 4000 meq AS except two animals who consumed up to 6000 meq/day AS but they received the better hay in the second half of the treatment period. In this time pH in blood increased slowly. NABE remained stable on a low level at ‐100 mmol/l. The results showed that with an increasing amount of AS fed the risk of clinical acidosis increased. The decreasing urine concentrations of calcium indicate a breakdown of the compensation capability of the single cow. Besides the dose of AS fed, the quality of the feed stuff might be another factor concerning the tolerance of cows against AS.     

城市居民茶叶消费行为影响因素实证分析——基于广州调查数据

为了研究当前哪些因素影响城市居民茶叶消费行为,为茶产业产学研提供理论依据,本文通过采纳城市居民茶叶消费行为的调查数据,使用计量经济软件Eviews3．1,运用线性模型,进行普通最小二乘法估计。实证研究结果表明：月总收入、家庭人口数、饮茶年份与消费者的茶叶消费支出成正相关,教育水平与茶叶消费支出成负相关,收入是影响茶叶消费支出弹性的主要因素。     

Association between age and time from calving and reported lameness in a dairy herd in the Waikato region of New Zealand

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: During the 2014/2015 season 823 predominantly Holstein-Friesian cows calved on a pasture-based farm in the Waikato region of New Zealand. A high prevalence and recurrence rate of lameness had been noted for several years but cows feet were not routinely picked up and therapeutically trimmed.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: At a farm visit in December 2015, 23 cows feet were examined and 18/23 (78%) cows had white line disease and 17/23 (74%) sole haemorrhages, as well as severely overgrown and misshapen hooves.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION: Lameness, culling and reproductive data were collected for the farm for the period from 01 July 2014 to 30 November 2015. In the 2014/2015 season, 207/823 (25.2%) cows were recorded lame, and in the first half of the 2015/16 season 120/850 (14%) cows were recorded lame. Of the cows recorded lame, 52/207 (25.1%) in the 2014/15 season had >1 case of lameness, and 39/120 (32.5%) cows recorded lame in the 2015/2016 season had been lame in the previous season. There was an apparent increase in prevalence between 29–37 weeks post-calving. Cows >7-years-old had seven times the odds of being recorded as lame compared to 2–3-year-old cows (p<0.001). Lameness was not associated with culling, empty rate or days to conception (p>0.3).

DIAGNOSIS: No direct cause for the lameness could be determined.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It was hypothesised that, along with the degenerative changes in the pedal bone as dairy cows increased in age, suboptimal treatment and overgrowth of hooves resulted in permanent changes in the cows feet, resulting in a high prevalence of lameness in older cattle and a high recurrence rate of lameness within and between seasons. This case highlights the importance of prompt identification and treatment of lame cattle.     

四种樟属树种幼树的光合生理特性比较

采用Li-6400光合测定仪系统研究了樟属树种香樟、岩桂、天竺桂、猴樟的幼树在不同生长季节的田间光合生理特性.结果表明,4种樟属树种幼树在春季、夏季的净光合速率日变化都呈“双峰”型曲线变化,出现典型的“光合午休”现象,并且第一峰值高于第二峰值;而在秋季各树种幼树的净光合速率日变化则都呈“单峰”型曲线变化.4种树幼树的光合作用生理指标各不相同,但光适应能力均较强;其中,净光合速率高低排序为香樟、猴樟、天竺桂、岩桂,光饱和点高低排序为香樟、猴樟、天竺桂、岩桂,光补偿点高低排序为天竺桂、猴樟、岩桂、香樟,表观量子效率高低排序为香樟、猴樟、天竺桂、岩桂,CO2补偿点高低排序为猴樟、天竺桂、岩桂、香樟.多元逐步回归分析结果表明,影响净光合速率的关键环境因子随树种不同而变化,对香樟的净光合速率有显著影响的因子是光合有效辐射、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度,对岩桂和天竺桂的净光合速率有显著影响的因子是气温、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度,对猴樟的光合速率有显著影响的因子是光合有效辐射和气温.     

宫本特早熟温州蜜柑园艺学特性与气候因子相关性研究

[目的]为寻找影响宫本特早熟温州蜜柑产量和品质的关键因素,达到提高产量和改善品质的目的。[方法]通过对广西龙州县宫本特早熟温州蜜柑园艺学特性观察和气候因子的分析研究,提出提升产量和品质的相应技术措施。[结果]广西龙州县具有宫本特早熟温州蜜柑生长需求的气候条件和生态环境条件,表现出适应性强、树势中等、早结丰产、早熟、果实风味浓的特点。影响宫本特早熟温州蜜柑产量和品质的关键因素是过早采收和高温对果实的灼伤。[结论]适时采收和加强防高温对果实的灼伤技术措施是提升宫本特早熟温州蜜柑产量和品质的关键因素。     

荔波喀斯特林下金线莲种植气候因子分析

利用荔波县历史气象资料,对比金线莲生长所需的气候条件,探讨该地区的喀斯特林下对金线莲栽培的适宜性。结果表明荔波县气候因子能满足金线莲生长所需的气候条件;在喀斯特林下可以培育出药性好、药物产量高的优良金线莲植物品种,建议在当地推广种植金线莲。