双针结构土壤水分传感器探针最优长度分析与试验

在两针平行式探针结构的阻抗模型的基础上,进一步理论推导了终端开路式和终端短路式两种类型土壤水分传感器探针长度与阻抗特性的关系.借助高频分析软件HFSS确定了两针平行式土壤水分传感器的最佳探针结构,并采用有机溶液模拟土壤体积含水率进行了试验,试验结果表明:终端开路式和终端短路式土壤水分传感器探针长度在0 ～8.3 cm时,其土壤体积含水率测量范围达到0～100％.     

Models for predicting the mass of apricot fruits by geometrical attributes (cv. Shams,Nakhjavan, and Jahangiri)

Fruits with the similar weight and uniform shape are in high demand in terms of marketing value. Therefore, an awareness of grading fruit based on weight is crucial. A part of this research was aimed to present some physical properties of three Iranian apricot cultivars (Shams, Nakhjavan, and Jahangiri). In addition, apricot mass was predicted by different physical characteristics with linear and nonlinear models as three different classifications: (1), single or multiple variable regressions of apricot dimensional characteristics. (2), single or multiple variable regressions of apricot projected areas and (3), estimating apricot mass based on its volume. All properties considered in the current study were found to be statistically significant at the 1% probability level. The highest and the lowest dimensional characteristics were found for Jahangiri and Nakhjavan cultivars, respectively. Sphericity values had significant difference among the tested cultivars. The latter property values were 0.971, 0.917, and 0.973 for Shams, Nakhjavan, and Jahangiri cultivars, respectively. Based on the results, the surface area of the Jahangiri cultivar was found to be 6458.35 mm², followed by the Shams and Nakhjavan cultivars, which had a mean of 6115.36, and 4395.25 mm², respectively. In this paper, the coefficients of static friction of the cultivars on three different surfaces are also reported. The results showed that mass modeling of apricot based on minor diameter and three projected areas are the most appropriate models in the first and the second classifications, respectively. In third classification, the best model was obtained on the basis of the actual volume as M = 0.997V_m + 0301, R² = 0.98, R.S.E. = 1.711 with R² = 0.98. It was concluded that the suitable grading system of apricot mass is based on minor diameter as nonlinear relation: M = 0.0019c^2.693, R² = 0.96, R.S.E. = 2.2.     

土家族摆手舞的文化特征探析

摆手舞不仅是土家族群众所喜爱的一种民间艺术形式,而且是土家族优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。本文从土家族摆手舞的艺术特征出发,比较系统地探讨了摆手舞所蕴含的物质文化、制度文化和精神文化特征。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫双酰胺对不同虫态甜菜夜蛾的毒力作用

采用浸叶法、点滴法、夹毒叶片法、成虫药膜法、饲喂毒营养液法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺对甜菜夜蛾卵、2~4龄幼虫、成虫的活性和对4龄幼虫的拒食活性,以明确氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫双酰胺对不同虫态甜菜夜蛾的毒力作用。结果表明,两种杀虫剂均不具有杀卵活性,但可以明显降低初孵幼虫存活率;氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺均对2龄幼虫活性最高,分别为3龄幼虫的1.50、6.17倍和4龄幼虫的22.25、44.95倍,对4龄幼虫胃毒活性分别为触杀活性的14.10、8.44倍;氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾成虫毒力为氟虫双酰胺的25.53~34.19倍。氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺对甜菜夜蛾幼虫表现出较强的拒食作用, 至处理后48 h拒食率达到最高, 分别为 82.73%、84.15%,显著高于对照药剂甲维盐各浓度处理,处理试虫虫体皱缩、体节缩短,体重增加率明显低于对照和甲维盐各处理。     

错株密植对夏玉米冠层特性和产量的影响

为探讨错株种植方式改善玉米密植群体冠层结构,实现增产的作用机制,以耐密品种‘郑单958’为材料,设置67 500(D₁)、82 500(D₂)和90 000(D₃)株/hm² 3个密度水平,常规对株(CK)和错株(S)种植2种方式,测定错株密植夏玉米群体冠层叶面积指数(LAI)、无截获散射(DIFN)、叶绿素荧光参数、SPAD、产量及其构成因素等指标。结果表明,密植水平和错株种植均对夏玉米冠层特性和产量产生了显著的影响。提高密植水平虽然显著增加了植株叶面积指数,降低了无截获散射;但对穗位叶叶绿素荧光参数和SPAD产生了不利影响,以90 000株/hm²密植水平下降幅最大。说明过高的密植水平不利于叶片对光能的吸收和利用。错株种植方式可有效削弱密植群体冠层叶片相互遮蔽的弊端。与对株(CK)种植相比,错株种植(S)可显著增加冠层叶面积指数,降低冠层无截获散射,优化了群体冠层结构,且对82 500株/hm²密植水平调控效果最优。同时,错株种植缓解了高密植水平对植株...     

离网型风力发电机性能测试系统概述

本文为离网型风力发电机虚拟仪器性能测试原理的研究,利用相应的软件LabVIEW及相关配套硬件设备,设计了风力机基本性能参数的测试系统。在考虑到强电、弱电信号传输分开,内部供电电源与信号线路隔离以及信号屏蔽等问题,设计出了测试机箱方案。通过在实验室实验,测得了风力发电机的转速与风力发电机功率的数据,从而做出了一条转速与功率的关系曲线,为评估和改进风力发电机的性能提供依据。     

水产饲料环保特性评价体系的初步构建

利用筛绢吊篓、烧杯、水浴锅等,于实验室内模拟水产养殖生产条件,分别测定了20℃和30℃水温下豆粕、鱼粉入水后的干物质溶失率、粗蛋白溶失量以及水质化学耗氧量、氨氮含量,对这两种蛋白饲料原料的环保特性进行了比较和评估,进而以设备条件、测定方法、测定指标等为主要内容,初步构建了水产饲料环保特性的评价体系。     

文冠果根系分布特征及生长适应性

通过对文冠果根系分布及生长调查分析表明:文冠果根深、根系发达、根幅大,5个月的幼苗主根深度可达50 cm,根幅可达28 cm,主根明显垂直向下深入土壤下层,能够吸收土壤深层水分,在极端干旱条件下能够生长.文冠果根系保水力强,抗干旱贫瘠,但不耐水涝,低温土壤中生长缓慢.在积水土壤中栽植时,应创造良好的排水条件.     

旋流器串并联工作特性研究

为了掌握旋流器串并联的工作特性，合理利用能量，胜利油田东胜公司通过室内和现场试验，获取了大量的试验数据，运用数理统计方法，对试验数据进行了分析、对比和归纳，推导并总结出了反映旋流器并联工作特性的特征方程。介绍了试验工艺流程和旋流器串并联特性，分析了各种参数对旋流器分离效果的影响。     

土沉香与印度沉香的生物学特性比较分析

土沉香与印度沉香苗木的外观形态相似度较高、不易区分,给种植户带来不必要的困扰,但2个品种之间还是有一些各自明显的生物学特性,了解这些特性就容易将二者区别开来。针对土沉香与印度沉香的树干、树叶、花、果实及种子共5个方面进行直观描述,通过对比分析生物学上的细微差别,提高广大沉香种植户的分析辨别能力。