Evaluation of Abattoir Inspection for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle at Addis Ababa Abattoir

Detailed postmortem examinations were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of meat inspection procedures and to determine the distribution of lesions in Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. The study involved routine inspection at slaughter, collection of tissues for detailed examination in the laboratory, and bacteriological examination to identify M. bovis. Additionally, a 10-year (1992--2001) meat inspection record was analysed to determine tuberculosis trends in the past decade. chi2-Test and simple regression were used to analyse the data. Out of 1350 cattle examined, 1.5% were found with tuberculous lesions. Routine abattoir inspection detected only 55% of cattle with confirmed lesions. Fifty-four per cent of tuberculous lesions were found in the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, 23% in the lymph nodes of the head, and the remaining 23% in the mesenteric and other lymph nodes of the carcase. M. bovis was additionally isolated from an animal that had no gross lesions of tuberculosis. On average, the annual rate of whole-carcase condemnation due to generalized tuberculosis was 0.024% and it has increased annually by 0.34% over the past decade. The rate of whole-carcase condemnation indicates a high degree of TB transmission and requires immediate attention from both the economic and public health points of view. The lower sensitivity of routine abattoir inspection confirms the importance of improving necropsy procedures.     

沙芥化学成分的初步研究

用系统化学预试法对沙芥中的化学成分进行了初步研究.结果表明,沙芥中含有氨基酸、蛋白质、糖及其甙类、酚类、鞣质、有机酸、皂甙、黄酮、内酯、香豆素、生物碱、甾醇等各类化学物质,是一种具有较高开发价值的药用植物.     

几种土壤固化剂固化土壤的效果试验及成本分析

选择国内几种土壤固化剂进行室内固土效果试验,根据试验结果进行分析,筛选出了固化效果较好、且经济可行的土壤固化剂种类及配比,为宁南山区集水场建设提供了新的路子和方法.     

高等教育自学考试面向农村服务网络体系建设

高等教育自学考试面向农村延伸是农村社会、经济发展的迫切要求,服务网络体系建设是实现高等教育自学考试向农村延伸的有效途径。探讨了高等教育自学考试向农村延伸的运作方式和有效途径,即建立以市、县、乡三级网站为硬件支撑,充分发挥宣传、管理、服务功能,教材资料（含电视教学片）与助学辅导体系相配套,强化实践环节教学与技能培养为主要内容的高等教育自学考试面向农村的服务网络体系。     

贵州省杉木二元立木材积生长率模型研究

根据杉木在贵州省的生长分布情况,将其划分为中心区、一般区2个建模单元,分别各建模单元设置样地进行调查,选择各径阶平均木进行树干解析,用复利式计算各径阶、各龄阶材积生长率,选择合适的基本方程分别采用不同的拟合方法拟合二元立木材积生长率模型,通过对各项统计检验指标进行分析评价及适用性检验,确定最优模型.提出贵州杉木二元立木材积生长率模型的应用方法.     

Modifying the Height of Horseshoes: Effects of Wedge Shoes,Studs, and Rocker Shoes on the Phalangeal Alignment,Pressure Distribution,and Hoof-Ground Contact During Motion

This study was designed as a comparative study with the intention to accumulate fundamental data on a wide variety of farriery methods. Twenty-five warmblood/crossbred horses, allocated into five groups (n = 5), underwent radiological and kinetic examination of the barefoot hoof, the shod hoof with a standard horseshoe, and finally a modified horseshoe. For radiographic measurements, a special podoblock with embedded reference points and changeable ground surfaces was used. Kinetic examinations were performed by placing one sensor between the shoe and the hoof and the second sensor between the shoe and the ground and then walking the horses on four different ground surfaces. When wedges were applied, the palmar angle increased by approximately 5° on all surfaces. However, this effect was only seen on firm surfaces combined with studs. Using a rocker shoe, the palmar angle increased on a firm surface (0.6 ± 0.3°) and decreased on a deformable surface (0.8 ± 0.3°). No consistent data were noted for the orientation of the proximal and middle phalanx in relation to the palmar angle. Pressure distribution showed wedges and studs to cause an increased pressure load on both the toe and the heels on a firm surface. Rocker shoes led to pressure peaks at the inner section of the toe, and high pressure was exerted on the quarters. In conclusion, all modified horseshoes showed unintended side effects and their influence on biomechanical parameters varied depending on the ground surface.     

勐捧分公司制胶厂开展清洁生产审核的实践

阐述西双版纳天然橡胶初加工企业开展清洁生产审核的意义，介绍了勐捧分公司制胶厂开展清洁生产审核的工作实践和初步取得的成效。     

基于局域网的C/S无纸化考试模式研究

探讨了基于局域网的C/S无纸化考试模式与其他无纸化考试方式的区别,从其工作流程、优点、无纸化考试环境架设、试卷形式等方面总结了此种考试方法的技术路线,并强调C/S无纸化考试模式实际上是一种新的教学理念,目的是通过这种考试方式调动起学生自主学习的积极性,因此应当有相应的配套措施与之配合。     

基于局域网的C／S无纸化考试模式研究

探讨了基于局域网的C／S无纸化考试模式与其他无纸化考试方式的区别，从其工作流程、优点、无纸化考试环境架设、试卷形式等方面总结了此种考试方法的技术路线，并强调C／S无纸化考试模式实际上是一种新的教学理念，目的是通过这种考试方式调动起学生自主学习的积极性，因此应当有相应的配套措施与之配合。