内蒙古野生银白离褶伞子实体组织分离试验

采用组织分离法对内蒙古野生银白离褶伞进行了子实体不同分离部位、菌丝体污染率,以及新鲜子实体和阴干3 d的子实体的对比分离试验。试验结果表明,菌褶和菌柄交界处是最佳的组织分离部位;菌丝体污染率以菌褶和菌柄交界处为最低;经过阴干3 d的子实体相对新鲜的子实体分离污染率较低,分离效果较好。     

铁皮石斛类原球茎液体悬浮培养增殖体系构建

以铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)类圆球茎为研究材料,系统地研究了影响其液体悬浮培养增殖的诸多因素,如不同质量浓度的MS基本培养基、NAA、蔗糖、椰乳以及培养基pH值和接种量,旨在构建铁皮石斛类圆球茎液体悬浮培养增殖体系。研究结果表明:在液体悬浮培养条件下,最有利于铁皮石斛类原球茎的生长增殖的培养基为1/2MS基本培养基中添加1.0 mg/L NAA,50 g/L椰乳,蔗糖30 g/L;接种量为40 g/L。     

华北地区观赏水生植物资源及其应用研究——以石家庄市为例

通过实地调研、查阅资料等方式,分类总结出适宜华北地区水体景观的66种植物。在分析石家庄水体植物景观现状的基础上,提出了相关建议,以期为相关部门更好地营造水体植物景观提供参考。     

超声波辅助诱导春石斛原球茎途径再生体系的建立

春石斛是目前国际流行的高档盆花,研究春石斛品系材料No.H118和No.33原球茎再生体系的建立.首先通过原植株的茎尖或腋芽外植体诱导得到无菌苗;将无菌苗茎基无叶芽茎段,经40 kHz超声波预处理10 min,接于1/2 MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L固体培养基可诱导得到原球茎,系列筛选试验表明,采用液体MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L两供试材料均得到最高的原球茎增殖率,分别为4.57倍/月和4.31倍/月,添加150 mL/L的椰汁诱导效率显著高于添加蛋白胨和香蕉泥;采用1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAb.0.2 mg/L固体培养基,芽增殖率最高,不同的春石斛品种或材料原球茎诱导成功率存在显著性差异.     

Ketosis treatment and milk yield in dairy cows related to milk acetoacetate levels

Milk yield and milk acetoacetate (M-acac) were measured weekly for the first 6 weeks of lactation in 5 herds with a ketosis problem. Ketosis treatments and the corresponding ketotest score, were also recorded. The treatment rate was highest 7-16 days after calving. Most of these early cases were associated with low ketone levels in milk, whereas the treatment rate for cows with high ketone levels was highest 17-31 days after calving. Nearly half of the treated cows were low-ketone animals. They were classified as ketosis cases in the cow health card records, although probably suffering from other post partum disturbances in many instances. About 40% of the cows with high ketone levels recovered spontaneously. Reduction in milk yield associated with peak M-acac levels was transient and moderate. It was concluded that health card statistics overestimates the severity of the ketosis problem in Norway.     

野生与栽培巨大口蘑子实体营养成分比较

分析比较了巨大口蘑野生与栽培子实体中的矿质元素、氨基酸、粗蛋白、多糖、甘露醇、脂肪、灰分和粗纤维含量。结果表明：野生子实体中除粗蛋白、多糖和粗纤维外其余的含量均略低于栽培子实体。     

Advances on role of extracellular vesicles in chronic liver diseases

In recent years, extracellular vesicles are found as an important medium for intercellular signal communication in prokaryotic and higher eukaryotic cells for regulating a variety of biological processes. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, and can be released into extracellular media by almost all types of cells in vivo and in vitro. Extracellular vesicles are released under physiological and pathological conditions, including liver diseases, and have a wide range of effects on the target cells. This review summarizes the progress in understanding the role of extracellular vesicles in chronic liver diseases. Specifically, how extracellular vesicles regulate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed in detail highlighting extracellular vesicles as a promising therapeutic target for chronic liver diseases.     

Dose-dependent effects of acute melatonin treatments on brain carbohydrate metabolism of rainbow trout

The levels of glycogen, lactate, acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate in brain as well as glycogen and lactate levels in liver, and glucose levels in plasma were evaluated in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, injected with ethanol/saline (5/95; v/v) alone (controls) or containing melatonin at three different doses 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg kg^-1. The results obtained demonstrate, for the first time in a teleost fish, the existence of changes in brain carbohydrate and ketone body metabolism due to melatonin treatment. Thus, a clear dose-dependent decrease was observed in brain and liver glycogen levels, whereas a clear dose-response increase was observed in brain for lactate, acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate levels, and in plasma for glucose levels. CO₂ production from glucose was also tested in brains of pooled fish and these rates were not altered by melatonin treatment. Altogether, these results suggest that melatonin may play an indirect role, possibly through alterations in insulin physiology, in the regulation of carbohydrate and ketone body metabolism in brain of rainbow trout.     

台湾线虫草人工培养物及其培养基质成分分析

对台湾线虫草摇瓶培养菌丝体、深层发酵菌丝体、固体培养子实体及除去子实体后的培养基质等4种样品的多种成分进行了比较分析。结果表明,粗脂肪、多糖在摇瓶菌丝体与发酵菌丝体的含量相当,均高于子实体;粗蛋白在摇瓶菌丝体、深层发酵菌丝体和子实体中的含量接近且较丰富;甘露醇和胞苷在深层发酵菌丝体中的含量较高,分别为3.41和2.44 mg·g^-1;麦角甾醇在子实体中含量最高,达6.75 mg·g^-1;腺苷含量比较结果为,摇瓶菌丝体(1.57 mg·g^-1)>子实体(1.32 mg·g^-1)>深层发酵菌丝体(0.96 mg·g^-1) >培养基质(0.61 mg·g^-1);常量元素Ca、Mg在摇瓶菌丝体(3.30×10², 3.98×10³ μg·g^-1)、深层发酵菌丝体(6.71×10², 3.00×10³ μg·g^-1)和子实体(1.51×10³, 3.2×10³ μg·g^-1)的含量较为丰富;微量元素Zn、Cu在子实体中的含量最高,Fe、Mn、Ni和Se在深层发酵菌丝体中的含量最高;摇瓶菌丝体中的As和Cd及深层发酵菌丝体中的As含量均低于0.20 μg·g^-1;子实体中未检测出Pb的含量。