松乳菇子实体多糖提取工艺及其组分的研究

以多糖得率为指标,对松乳菇子实体预处理方式、乙醇沉淀浓度和提取次数进行比较,并选择对松乳菇多糖提取影响较大的三个因素(时间、料水比、温度)设计正交试验优化多糖提取条件,结果表明,松乳菇子实体粗多糖提取较好的条件是:干燥子实体粉碎后过40目筛,乙醇沉淀浓度为80%;提取2次可得到7.42%的粗多糖;正交试验表明,提取时间2.5h,料水比1∶25(w/v),温度85℃为松乳菇多糖提取的最佳组合。用纸层析法分析松乳菇多糖,表明其含有葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖和甘露糖等单糖。     

农杆菌介导转化石斛兰—蝴蝶兰杂交种类原球茎体的研究

以类原球茎体为受体材料,利用农杆菌EHA101(pIG121 Hm)介导转移GUS基因到石斛兰-蝴蝶兰的2个杂交品种。以一种β-内酰胺类新型抗生素美罗培南(Meropenem)作为抑菌抗生素和以潮霉素为筛选元件进行选择,获得了潮霉素抗性体,并通过X-gluc组织化学染色法,检测到较强的GUS的表达,表达率达80%以上。经过80 d的选择培养后在81个潮霉素抗性组织中获得了22株再生兰花。对其中的9株PCR阳性的再生植株进行Northern分析,检测到较强的GUS基因表达。     

Comparison of alfaxalone and propofol on haematological and serum biochemical variables in cats undergoing radiotherapy with sevoflurane maintenance

ObjectiveTo evaluate effects of repeated alfaxalone or propofol administration on haematological and serum biochemical variables in cats undergoing radiotherapy.Study designProspective, block-randomized, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 39 client-owned cats.MethodsAfter butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (0.1 mg kg^–1) sedation, cats were randomly assigned to receive either alfaxalone or propofol for induction of anaesthesia and sevoflurane maintenance. Cats were anaesthetized daily with the same induction agent for 10–12 days. Complete blood counts, reticulocytes, Heinz body score and serum biochemistry were performed before the first treatment (T1), at T6, T10 and 3 weeks after the final treatment (T21). Cumulative induction agent dose for each cat at each time point was evaluated for an effect on Heinz body score. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.ResultsAt baseline there were no significant differences in signalment or blood variables between groups. A significant decrease in haematocrit of 2.3% ± 0.77 (p = 0.02) between T1-T6 and T1-T10 [mean 4.1% (± 0.78, p < 0.0001)] was detected, with a significant increase in haematocrit of 2.1% ± 0.80 (p = 0.046) between T6-T21 and 4.0% ± 0.8 (p < 0.001) between T10-T21. Heinz body score significantly increased by 1.86 ± 0.616 (p = 0.013) between T1-T10. In the propofol group, reticulocytes increased significantly between T1-T6 [mean 23,090 μL^–1 ± 7670 (p = 0.02)] and T1-T10 [mean 27,440 μL^–1 ± 7990 (p = 0.007)]. Mean cumulative dose at T10 was 19.65 mg kg^–1 ± 5.3 and 43.4 mg kg^–1 ± 14.4 for alfaxalone and propofol, respectively, with no significant effect on Heinz body formation at any time point.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceHaematocrit decreased in both groups with recovery after 3 weeks. Repeated alfaxalone and propofol administration was not associated with marked haematological or serum biochemistry changes.     

波斯顿蕨离体培养技术的研究

以波斯顿蕨走茎茎尖为外植体研究无菌培养的繁殖方法,结果表明,最佳诱导培养基为MS+BA0.5,增殖培养基为MS+BA0.7,增殖系数为7.2;孢子体分化培养基为MS+BA1.0+NAA0.5,诱导率可达到92% ;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+BA1.0+IBA0.2+0.1% 活性炭,生根率为100%。     

继代周期对霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮 培养动力学的影响

为解决霍山石斛类原球茎液体悬浮培养类原球茎生长缓慢和代谢水平低下的问题,取不同继代周期（20、30、40、50d）的类原球茎进行培养,在整个生长周期中测定了培养基中碳、氮、磷酸盐的消耗,胞内还原糖、氮及磷的积累情况,并分析了类原球茎增殖和多糖合成情况。继代周期在20~40d的类原球茎具有良好的生长状态和多糖合成能力,其中30d最佳。继代周期为30d的类原球茎生理活性较强,其吸收碳源、氮源、磷酸盐的速度最快,细胞的比生长速率最大,其值为0.043,培养36d时,生物量和多糖产量都最大,分别为470.0g/L和1.92 g/L。以继代周期为30 d的类原球茎进行培养时,最有利于细胞生长和多糖的合成。     

黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划

以黑龙江省81个气象台站1961-2008年的逐日降水数据、社会经济资料、地理信息数据以及灾情数据为基础,运用GIS技术,对黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性等评价因子进行综合分析,采用加权综合分析法以及GIS中自然断点分级法,构建了暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估模型,将黑龙江省划分为高、次高、中等、次低和低5个等级风险区.结果表明,黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害风险呈“东西高-南北低”的分布,松嫩平原大部、三江平原北部和南部地区处于高-次高风险区,哈尔滨西北部、大庆东南部、绥化北部和西部以及鹤岗中部地区,属于高风险区;而大兴安岭地区和东南半山区处于低-次低风险区,发生暴雨洪涝灾害的几率较低.灾情验证结果表明,实际灾情的高值-次高值分布与风险区划结果基本符合,风险区划模型具有较高的实际应用价值和研究意义.     

Effects of an in vitro maturation treatment on plant recovery from avocado zygotic embryos

An efficient protocol for in vitro maturation of very immature, <10 mm, avocado embryos has been developed. The efficiency of plant recovery as well as the quality of the resulting plants was greatly improved by including a maturation phase prior to induction of germination. The influence of different factors, such as the gelling agent, organic supplements or abscisic acid, on embryo maturation and subsequent germination was tested. Optimum conditions were met when maturation was carried out in B5m medium supplemented with the Jensen's amino acids, an extra 88 mM sucrose and 6 g l⁻¹ agar as gelling agent. At these conditions, embryos which had been collected 68 days after pollination germinated at a 65% rate in solid medium, giving rise to healthy and vigorous plantlets. Anatomical differentiation and storage product accumulation occurring during the in vitro maturation phase were studied by means of histological techniques. Results obtained revealed that, at the end of the in vitro maturation period, embryos resembled the pattern previously established for avocado embryos matured under in vivo conditions: histodifferentiation had been accomplished and starch granules and protein bodies were abundant.     

文心兰类原球茎液体增殖过程中秋水仙素化学诱变

 采用秋水仙素对液体增殖培养中的文心兰类原球茎进行多倍体诱变, 获得了大量的文心兰多倍体试管苗。结果表明, 秋水仙素浓度越高, 处理时间越长, 类原球茎受伤害程度越严重, 再生苗多倍体比例越大, 最高诱变率可达46.7%; 低浓度, 短时间秋水仙素处理易产生嵌合体; 四倍体试管苗植株粗短, 健壮, 叶片宽厚, 叶片下表皮气孔张度较大, 下表皮细胞核较大且靠近细胞壁边缘; 根尖细胞染色体数加倍。     

Challenges in developing fish-based ecological assessment methods for large floodplain rivers

Abstract  Large European floodplain rivers have a great diversity in habitats and fish fauna, but tend to be heavily modified. The complexity of these river systems and their multiple human impacts pose considerable challenges for assessment of their ecological status. This paper discusses: (1) the application of historical information on fish fauna and habitat availability to describe reference conditions; (2) responses of fish assemblages to human disturbance by comparing various rivers and river segments with different impacts and/or time series within rivers; (3) the role of floodplain water bodies in ecological assessment; and (4) monitoring of large rivers using different gears and sampling designs for main channels and floodplain habitats. The challenge for the future is to standardise and calibrate sampling methods and data to enhance the potential for ecological assessment of large rivers.     

秋水仙素对文心兰离体诱变的影响

以秋水仙素为诱变剂,结合组织培养技术,对文心兰丛生芽和原球茎进行诱变试验,并应用分子标记技术检测诱变后代的变异情况.结果表明：培养基添加秋水仙素混合培养法是文心兰丛生芽诱变的最佳途径,以添加500mg·L^-1的秋水仙素诱导10d效果最佳,植株变异率高达26.7%,变异植株类型包括植株粗壮、多叶、叶片变宽、变厚、矮化、叶片线艺等;经5～6次继代培养,部分变异株系仍保持稳定遗传性状,其中筛选出的稳定绿叶金边、金叶绿边变异株系RAPD 标记表明其在DNA 水平上发生了变异,为文心兰育种提供了新的方法和思路.