Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

Effect of energy and protein levels on performance,egg quality,and nutrient digestibility of laying pigeons

A total of 3,240 female Taisheng pigeons at 40 wk age were fed 9 diets containing 3 ME levels (2,630, 2,770, and 2,940 kcal/kg) and 3 CP levels (14.0, 15.0, and 16.0%) in a factorial arrangement. These diets were fed to investigate the effects of ME and CP on performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. Female pigeons were housed under the same managerial conditions and randomly assigned into 9 treatments (6 replicates of 60 birds each). Two female–female paired pigeons housed in one cage were under a 16L:8D lighting cycle. Feed in pellet form and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. The study lasted 12 wk. As dietary ME level increased from 2,630 to 2,940 kcal/kg, BW, egg production, and apparent DM, crude fat (CF), and phosphorus (i.e., P) digestibilities increased (P < 0.05), feed intake decreased (P < 0.05), and feed conversion efficiency increased (P < 0.05). Increasing the level of dietary protein from 14 to 16% resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) BW, shell percentage, length of the major axis, and DM digestibility. Therefore, dietary ME had a greater influence on the performance of Taisheng laying pigeons than did dietary protein.     

Proteomics analysis of preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Reducing excessive chicken body fat deposition is a main goal of the poultry industry. Preadipocytes are important in adipose tissue growth and development.

2. To discover proteins related to chicken fat deposition, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in preadipocytes derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF).

3. A total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots were found in the preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis showed the protein spots corresponded to 33 different proteins. The proteins were mainly related to biological oxidation, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, molecular chaperone, protein synthesis and signal transduction.

4. From the perspective of protein expression, these results lay a foundation for further study of the genetic mechanism of broiler adipose tissue growth and development.     

Effect of genistein on IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 in young and aged female rat ovary

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (GEN) on expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) in young and aged rat ovary. Forty young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (200 ± 20 g) and forty aged female SD rats (490 ± 20 g) were selected and according to weight, they were divided into the following five groups with eight animals in each: negative control group (NC), low‐dose group (L), middle‐dose group (M), high‐dose group (H) and positive control group (PC). GEN group received GEN of 15, 30, 60 mg/kg respectively. It lasted 30 days. Concentrations of serum hormones, IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with NC, GEN significantly increased oestradiol‐17β(E₂) level in aged rat, reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) level in young and aged rat. Serum levels of IGFBP‐1 in young rats were significantly higher in GEN groups (p < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were positively correlated with GEN dose. GEN could significantly reduce the ratio of IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 of aged rats. Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels significantly correlated with GEN dose. We speculate that there is an association between the addition of GEN and expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1, and the relationship between them is different in young and aged rat.     

犬瘟热病毒感染机制及其诊断方法研究进展

本综述介绍了犬瘟热病毒的6种结构蛋白N、P、L、F、H和M蛋白在病毒入侵宿主和宿主细胞内繁殖的功能;简要描述了犬瘟热病毒入侵动物机体感染传播的机制,其中细胞受体SLAM和PVRL4解释病毒的趋向性;介绍了临床诊断、试验动物法、血清学方法和核酸诊断等鉴别诊断犬瘟热的方法及其优缺点.通过系统了解犬瘟热病毒的感染途径及其诊断方法,有助于发现控制犬瘟热病毒传播的新方法.     

外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响

本试验旨在研究外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2( FGF2)蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响。将9窝胎次和初生体重相近的7日龄“杜×长×大”哺乳仔猪随机分配到0、12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,每组3窝。仔猪从7日龄起补饲相应的饲粮,21日龄断奶后继续补饲断奶前饲粮至28日龄结束。从每窝选2头接近平均体重的仔猪屠宰,采集小肠及黏膜样品,测定FGF2蛋白质表达量和小肠的发育状况。结果表明：1)12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量分别高于0和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,但3个外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠绒毛高度和宽度分别极显著大于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01),而12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值( V/C )分别极显著高于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01)。3)28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性随外源精胺添加量的增加而升高。由此可见,给7~28日龄仔猪连续补饲外源精胺能提高28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量、V/C和二糖酶活性。     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊生长、消化性能及血清指标的影响

旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊羔羊生长、消化性能和血清指标的影响。本研究采用两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只17日龄体重相近、健康的湖羊羔羊,随机分为高能高蛋白(HE-HP)、高能低蛋白(HE-LP)、低能高蛋白(LE-HP)、低能低蛋白(LE-LP)4组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羊。试验预试期3d,21日龄起所有羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉、补饲开食料。正试期40d。每天记录羔羊采食量,每隔20d晨饲前称重、颈静脉采血测定血清指标;31～40和51～60日龄期间采用全收粪法进行消化试验。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白水平对羔羊生长性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但羔羊日增重与饲料转化效率均随饲粮能量或蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对羔羊31～40日龄干物质和总能消化率存在显著交互作用(P<0.05),表现为饲喂高能量饲粮时羔羊对饲粮干物质和和总能消化率随蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。3)40日龄羔羊血清葡萄糖含量随能量水平降低而显著降低(P<0.05);60日龄时,降低蛋白质水平显著降低了羔羊血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)、提高了血清生长激素含量(P<0.05),降低饲粮能量水平显著提高了血清尿素氮和三酰甘油含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄羔羊生长性能有显著影响,适当的能量和蛋白水平能够改善羔羊生长和消化性能。     

泥鳅营养需求研究进展

泥鳅是适应性较强的杂食性鱼类,主要养殖品种有大鳞副泥鳅(又称黄斑鳅)和真泥鳅(又称泥鳅),肉质鲜美,营养价值高,销售量大,深受消费者喜爱。泥鳅营养需求是配制饲料的理论基础,但目前研究报道较少。为此,本文介绍了泥鳅基本营养需求研究概况,对泥鳅营养需求研究提出了一些看法,以期为建立和完善泥鳅的营养标准和高效配合饲料的开发提供科学参考。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊氮沉积和养分排放的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊氮沉积和养分排放的影响,以期为空怀期云南半细毛羊饲粮配比和减少环境负荷研究提供理论参考。试验选用50只体况良好、体重相近、38月龄的空怀期云南半细毛羊,随机分成5个组(每组10只),分别饲喂蛋白质水平为7.60%(组1)、9.49%(组2)、11.29%(组3)、11.56%(组4)和14.96%(组5)的饲粮,饲粮其他营养水平保持一致。试验羊进行19d的饲养试验,其中预试期14d,正试期5d。正试期从每组选择5只试验羊进行消化代谢试验,试验羊在代谢笼中单笼饲养,采用全收粪尿法连续收集5d粪便,并采集饲粮样品。结果表明:1)饲粮蛋白质水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊的干物质采食量和粪干物质排放量无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,氮摄入量呈显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);组3的氮沉积率极显著高于组1(P<0.01),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)粪氮排放量随饲粮蛋白质水平的升高逐渐增加,组2与组1、组3差异不显著(P>0.05),其他组间差异极显著(P<0.01);粪钙排放量以组3最低(5.04g/d),且极显著低于组5(P<0.01);粪磷排放量随饲粮蛋白质水平的升高逐渐增加,组1、组2、组3极显著低于组5(P<0.01),组4显著低于组5(P<0.05)。4)尿氮排放量随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高逐渐增加,组2与组1、组3差异不显著(P>0.05),其他组间差异极显著(P<0.01);尿钙排放量以组3最低,为1.18g/d,比组1、组5分别降低0.53和0.78g/d;尿磷排放量组1显著低于组5(P<0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。5)粪尿氮排放总量组5极显著高于其他组(P<0.01),粪尿钙排放总量组3极显著低于其他组(P<0.01),粪尿磷排放总量组1、组2极显著低于组5(P<0.01)。6)粪氮占比为72.44%~42.06%,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高逐渐降低,尿氮占比为27.56%~57.94%,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高逐渐升高;粪、尿钙和磷占比各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,当饲粮蛋白质水平为11.29%时,空怀期云南半细毛羊的氮沉积最佳,粪尿钙排放总量最低;饲粮蛋白质水平在一定范围(7.06%~11.56%)时对空怀期云南半细毛羊粪尿磷排放总量无显著影响;空怀期云南半细毛羊对钙、磷的排放以从粪中排放为主,多余的氮则主要从尿中以尿氮的形式排出。