猴头菌不同生长发育期粗蛋白、粗多糖含量及水溶性粗多糖体外免疫活性

测定猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)华中猴头菌株不同生长发育期子实体中的粗蛋白、粗多糖和水溶性粗多糖中β-葡聚糖含量,并研究不同生长发育期子实体粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性变化规律.结果表明,供试菌株不同生长发育期子实体的粗蛋白、粗多糖和β-葡聚糖含量以及粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性均存在显著或极显著差异,随着生长发育的进行,猴头菌子实体中粗蛋白含量总体上呈下降的趋势(小菌剌期比前一时期有所增加),而多糖含量则总体呈上升趋势(小菌刺期比后一时期高),β-葡聚糖含量呈先快速上升后平稳的趋势;分裂期粗多糖在浓度500 μg/mL时对RAW264.7释放NO的促进作用较强.     

利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对瘤胃代谢的影响

旨在探讨利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮(RDPB,g·kg-1 DM)对瘤胃发酵、总产气量和甲烷产量的影响.试验选用美国Ankom产气系统,采用随机区组试验设计,配置6种不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮,分别为日粮1(-20 g· kg-1 DM),日粮2(-10 g· kg-1 DM),日粮3(0 g· kg-1 DM),日粮4(10g·kg-1DM),日粮5(20 g·kg-1 DM)和日粮6(30 g· kg-1 DM),每组2个重复,培养期为24 h.结果表明:(1)本研究中6种类型日粮发酵液的pH、乙酸/丙酸、产气量和CH4产生量表现为日粮3(P＜0.01)或日粮4(P＜0.01)值最低.(2)挥发性脂防酸乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及氨氮的浓度随着瘤冒降解平衡值的增加而增加,表明改变日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡可以影响瘤胃发酵.而瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对总挥发性脂肪酸以及原虫数量无显著影响.(3)日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡值影响不同时间点甲烷的浓度和24 h甲烷产量.其中以日稂4(P＜0.05)甲烷总产量最低.由此可见,在体外培养条件下,改变日粮RDPB影响了瘤胃发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、总产气量、CH4产生量,综合考虑其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量等指标的影响,体外产气条件下适宜的RDPB水平为0～10g·kg-1 DM.     

利用废菌渣生产单细胞蛋白饲料研究

本文以废菌渣为主要原料,利用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)两菌株进行混合固态发酵生产单细胞蛋白饲料.通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳培养条件.结果表明,各因素对粗蛋白质含量的影响为废菌渣与麸皮的比例>培养时间>氮源>水料比;混茵固态发酵的最佳培养条件为废茵渣80%:麸皮20%,硝酸铵2%.尿素1%,KH2PO4 2%,MgSO4·7H2O 1%,水料比为2.5:1,pH为4,接种量为20%,培养时间为120 h时,此时粗蛋白质含量最高,由发酵前的9.61%提高到23.28%.     

一个新的家蚕锌指蛋白基因的克隆及基因组结构分析

锌指蛋白是一类能与细胞内核酸特异结合 ,调控基因表达活性 ,对细胞分裂、分化、胚胎发育及个体生长有重要作用的转录因子。从家蚕 5龄丝腺组织cDNA文库中克隆了一个具有锌指结构的新基因 ,命名为BmZFP基因 (GenBank登录号 :AY75 36 5 9) ,其cDNA全长为 180 9bp ,编码 14 3个氨基酸 ,3′端非翻译区 (3′ untranslatedregion ;3′ UTR)达 1332bp碱基序列。BmZFP氨基酸序列推测有 6个功能结构域 ,是一种CCHC型锌指蛋白。虽然BmZFP氨基酸序列与人、大鼠和小鼠的相关锌指蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性只有 33%左右 ,但 6个功能域中的Cys(C)和His(H)却完全匹配 ,推测其功能与人、大鼠和小鼠的相关锌指蛋白有相似性。BmZFP基因序列的结构分析表明 :该基因由 2个外显子和 1个 14 86bp碱基序列的内含子组成 ,在 5′端上游 - 182～ - 2 2 2区域存在一个启动子元件 ,但不是典型的TATA盒启动子。     

A reactive pattern of ischemia-induced nestin protein in the rat brain

AIM:To explore the expressive profile of nestin protein in the focal ischemic brain and to study the recovery mechanism of brain focal infarct.METHODS:Cellular morphology,time-course and distribution pattern of nestin positive response were immunohistochemically examined in different brain regions of 36 adult male SD rats. RESULTS:Nestin positive response of different brain regions in sham operated rats was present in small- and micro-vasculartures and the third ventricle bottom and ependyma. A large number of nestin positive cells were detected in ischemic brain, and were more remarkable in the cortical areas of parietal lobe and preoptic area as well as ischemic caudoputamen. Stellate nestin positive cells were located in the deep layer of ischemic cortex, but fibrillary cells were located in the shallow layer. Nestin positive cells in the ischemic caudoputamen showed the same changes of morphology as those cells in the deep layer of ischemic cortex. Morphological and number alterations of nestin positive cells were the most remarkable at 1 weeks post-ischemia, which showed more hypertrophy and proliferation in morphology, and a marked increase in number was present in the ischemic cerebral cortex and the ischemic caudoputamen. These alterations of nestin positive cells persisted up to 6 weeks post-ischemia, and then, the nestin positive response in the ischemic brain decreased gradually.CONCLUSION:Focal cerebral ischemia induces nestin re-expression on reactive astrocytes, which may be very important to the self-recovery of cerebral infarct.     

Factors affecting the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum and its colonization on tobacco roots

Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.     

C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6 in dogs with pyometra and SIRS

Objective: To determine the frequency of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in canine pyometra and to evaluate the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and SIRS. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Fifty‐three clinical cases of canine pyometra and 19 healthy control bitches. Interventions: Upon admission to the veterinary hospital, history and physical examination findings, including previously defined clinical SIRS parameters, were documented. Blood samples were obtained for hematology and biochemical tests and for CRP, TNFα, and IL‐6 analysis. The diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed by histopathology of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy. After surgery, clinical SIRS parameters, length of hospitalization, and mortality were recorded. Measurements and main results: Pyometra dogs were grouped as SIRS positive (30/53; 57%) or SIRS negative (23/53; 43%). Logistic regression showed that CRP was the only parameter that significantly related to SIRS apart from the clinical criteria that define this syndrome. The mortality rate was low (2/53; 3.8%), and conclusions regarding association with SIRS could not be drawn. A positive SIRS status, high plasma CRP concentration, and high body temperature were variables that related to increased morbidity reflected by the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: SIRS was seen in 57% of canine pyometra cases and a positive SIRS status showed a positive association with prolonged hospitalization. The mortality rate was low (3.3%) among SIRS positive dogs, indicating that progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rarely occurs in surgically treated cases of pyometra. CRP was associated with SIRS and with prolonged hospitalization. Further studies of plasma CRP may be warranted in canine intensive care cases susceptible to development of SIRS and MODS.     

假俭草抗寒性与体内碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的关系

为了阐述假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)的抗寒性与碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量季节动态变化之间的关系,于2008年10月-2009年5月,研究了在自然温度变化过程中,假俭草E126匍匐茎中碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的季节性动态变化及其与半致死温度(LT₅₀)变化的关系。结果表明:在越冬前后假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀呈现先降低后升高的季节变化趋势,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率以及脯氨酸含量伴随田间气温变化均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性蛋白、淀粉含量则呈现出先降低又升高的趋势。假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀季节变化与可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率季节变化之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与淀粉含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的季节变化间相关性不显著。因此,可溶性总糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量、可溶性总糖淀粉比率对其冬季抗寒性增强有重要作用。     

蛋白结晶技术在病毒学中的应用

病毒及其亚单位蛋白的三维结构 (3 D)解析是认识病毒蛋白功能的有力手段。对病毒结构的认识正经历着病毒粒子电镜结构、纳米水平的精细结构及病毒组成蛋白原子水平 3 D结构的变化。晶体的 X射线衍射技术可在原子水平上认识病毒蛋白的结构。这为从结构生物学的角度认识病毒复制、病毒粒子的装配、病毒的致病与免疫机理及抗病毒药物设计提供了技术平台     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.