Coordinated gene expression in adipose tissue and liver differs between cows with high or low NEFA concentrations in early lactation

Dairy cows with high and low plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in early lactation were compared for plasma parameters and mRNA expression of genes in liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The study involved 16 multiparous dairy cows with a plasma NEFA concentration of >500 μmol/l [n = 8, high NEFA (HNEFA)] and <140 μmol/l [n = 8, low NEFA (LNEFA)] in the first week post-partum (pp). Blood samples, adipose and liver tissues were collected on day 1 (+1d) and at week 3 pp (+3wk). Blood plasma was assayed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Subcutaneous adipose and liver tissues were analysed for mRNA abundance by real-time qRT-PCR encoding parameters related to lipid metabolism. Results showed that mean daily milk yield and milk fat quantity were higher in HNEFA than in LNEFA cows (p < 0.01), and the NEB was more negative in HNEFA than in LNEFA in +3wk too (p < 0.05). HNEFA cows had slightly lower (p < 0.1) insulin concentrations than LNEFA cows across the study period, and the body condition score decreased more from +1d to +3wk in HNEFA than in LNEFA (p = 0.09). The mRNA abundance of genes in the liver related to fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) and ketogenesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2) were lower in HNEFA than in LNEFA cows. No differences between the two groups were observed for mRNA expression of genes in adipose tissue. The number of calculated significant correlation coefficients (moderately strong) between parameters in the liver and in adipose tissue was nearly similar on +1d, and higher for HNEFA compared with LNEFA cows in +3wk. In conclusion, dairy cows with high compared with low plasma NEFA concentrations in early lactation show differentially synchronized mRNA expression of genes in adipose tissue and liver in +3wk that suggests a different orchestrated homeorhetic regulation of lipid metabolism.     

Fish oil supplementation improved liver phospholipids fatty acid composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male wistar rats

In the present study, we examined the effects of fish oil supplementation in 3 months old male Wistar rats on changes in plasma and liver lipid metabolism and oxidative stress parameters. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten animals: control group and intervention group, treated for 6 weeks with fish oil capsules containing 45 mg eicosapentanoic acid and 30 mg docosahexanoic acid. After intervention, biochemical parameters in plasma [triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and uric acid], fatty acid (FAs) profile of liver phospholipids and parameters of oxidative stress in liver [activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and paraoxonase (PON1), concentration of nitrites, lipid peroxidation (LPO), free thiol (SH) groups and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) izoenzymes were determined. Treatment with fish oil improved FAs profile of liver phospholipids, increasing n‐3 FAs and decreasing n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Significant decrease in plasma TG and LDL concentration, and increase in the level of HDL and uric acid were found in intervention group at the end of the study. Catalase activity, LPO, and nitrites concentration in liver were significantly decreased, after the supplementation, together with elevated PON1 activity. Applied treatment significantly improved plasma lipid profile, liver FAs composition and parameters of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats.     

肝病患者纤维蛋白溶解系统关键因子检测的意义

目的研究肝病患者血浆中继发性纤维蛋白溶解系统中重要标志物D-二聚体（D-D）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）指标的变化及其临床意义.方法采用美国ACL-ELITEPRO全自动凝血仪检测35例健康体检者和94例不同肝病患者血浆中FIB和D-D含量.结果与健康体检正常组相比,各肝病组FIB含量降低,顺序为急性肝炎组〉健康对照组〉慢性肝炎组〉肝癌组〉肝硬化组.急性肝炎组和慢性肝炎组差别不显著,肝硬化组和肝癌组差别显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;D-D含量升高顺序为健康对照组〈急性肝炎组〈慢性肝炎组〈肝癌组〈肝硬化组,各肝病组差异均有统计学意义.肝癌组和肝硬化组分别与急性肝炎组、慢性肝炎组和肝硬化组FIB和D-D含量比较均有显著差异,差异有统计学意义.结论血浆FIB和D-D可客观地反映肝病的严重程度.这为临床肝脏疾病的诊断、治疗以及判断预后提供了重要依据.     

决明子水煎液对CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠血液生化指标的影响

目的:研究决明子水煎液对CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠血清各项生化指标的影响及对肝损伤的保护作用。方法:32只体重180～240 g的SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、决明子Ⅰ组和决明子Ⅱ组,每组8只。正常对照组和模型对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水,决明子Ⅰ组和决明子Ⅱ组分别饮用浓度为40 g/L和80 g/L决明子水煎液,连用2周后,模型对照组、决明子Ⅰ组和决明子Ⅱ组腹腔注射CCl4(2.0 mL/kg体重),正常对照组注射等体积生理盐水,24 h后采血低速离心,取血清分别测AST、ALT、ALP、镁、磷、钾、钠、钙、胆固醇、葡萄糖、总蛋白等血液生化指标。结果:决明子水煎液(40 g/L)能极显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠血清中ALT、AST、血清总蛋白含量的升高(P<0.01);极显著升高CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠血清中胆固醇、葡萄糖、ALP和镁含量的降低(P<0.01);同时还能显著升高CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠血钠含量的降低(P<0.05)。结论:决明子水煎液对CCl4所致大鼠的急性肝损伤有一定保护作用,增强机体对应激的耐受力,从决明子组对各血清指标的作用来看,决明子Ⅰ组的保肝作用更优于决明子Ⅱ组。     

不同处理对三色堇花瓣护色效果的影响

以3个不同品种新鲜的三色堇花材为试验材料,研究了柠檬酸、氯化镁和甘油用不同方法对三色堇花瓣保色、护色效果的影响。结果表明,采用B_2试剂用重压干燥法对XXL-YB-1-1品种的处理效果较好;采用B_2试剂用重压干燥法对DSRFB品种的处理效果较好,采用B_3试剂用微波炉干燥法对RIRB品种的处理效果较好。     

霍山石斛水溶性多糖抗亚急性酒精性肝损伤研究

[目的]研究霍山石斛水溶性多糖抗小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的作用。[方法]制备霍山石斛水溶性多糖;以连续灌胃30%乙醇(V/V,10 m L/kg)15 d的小鼠为亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型,水溶性多糖连续灌胃30 d后,称量小鼠体重和肝脏重量,观察肝组织损伤病理变化,并检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量,同时测定肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性以及还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。[结果]霍山石斛水溶性多糖各剂量可有效抑制酒精引起的小鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC、TG水平的变化,增强肝组织中ADH、ALDH、SOD、GSHPX的活性,抑制肝组织中GSH含量的降低和MDA含量的升高,减轻酒精对肝脏的病理损伤。[结论]霍山石斛水溶性多糖对亚急性酒精性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

气管滴注大肠杆菌对肉仔鸡肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

为研究呼吸道大肠杆菌对肉仔鸡肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,选取24只初始体质量相近、健康状况良好的固始肉仔鸡,随机分为2组,对照组肉仔鸡气管滴注1 m L无菌培养液,大肠杆菌组肉仔鸡气管滴注1 m L大肠杆菌培养液(1×10~9cfu/m L)。滴注后2 h采集血液和肝脏组织,测定血清中细菌脂多糖(LPS)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量,以及肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明,气管滴注大肠杆菌后2 h,大肠杆菌组肉仔鸡血清中LPS含量为33.86 U/mg,较对照组升高了26.15%;AST和ALT含量较对照组分别增加了50.89%(P0.05)和298.77%(P0.01);大肠杆菌组肉仔鸡肝脏组织中SOD活性和GSH-PX活性分别为186.60 U/mg和13.20 U/mg,较对照组分别降低了43.83%(P0.01)和31.18%(P0.05);MDA含量增加了51.72%(P0.05)。综上,气管滴注大肠杆菌后2 h,大肠杆菌大量繁殖,释放出的LPS通过血液循环进入肝脏,肝脏中抗氧化酶活性降低,引起脂质过氧化物堆积,破坏肝脏细胞,导致血清中转氨酶水平升高。     

利用miRNA芯片筛选不同月龄香猪肝脏中差异表达的miRNA

为研究miRNA在香猪发育时期的调控功能,试验对3和7月龄香猪肝脏组织中存在表达差异的miRNA进行了筛选。提取3和7月龄香猪肝脏组织总RNA,通过与miRNA芯片杂交,经统计学分析,以变化倍数≥2倍（P<0.05）为阈值,筛选3和7月龄香猪肝脏中表达丰度差异的miRNA,并运用实时荧光定量PCR进行验证。结果发现,与3月龄相比,7月龄香猪肝脏中有11条miRNA表达下调和9条miRNA表达上调,下调倍数最多的是miR-27b,上调倍数最多的是miR-155。对选取的4条差异表达的miRNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应,结果显示,4条miRNA表达变化趋势与芯片结果一致。本研究结果表明,不同月龄香猪肝脏中的miRNA表达丰度有差异,其中一些可能参与了机体生长发育时期肝细胞的脂肪代谢过程。     

lncLER在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡肝脏中表达调控的研究

长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在许多生物学过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。河南农业大学家禽种质资源创新工程研究中心通过对产蛋前期（20周龄）和产蛋高峰期（30周龄）卢氏绿壳蛋母鸡肝脏组织的转录组分析,筛选出了一个在产蛋高峰期母鸡肝脏中表达水平显著上调的lncRNA（lncLER）。本研究利用半定量PCR（RT-PCR）、实时荧光定量PCR分析了lncLER在卢氏绿壳蛋母鸡不同发育时期和不同组织中的表达规律,并从个体和细胞水平研究了体内、体外雌激素处理对lncLER表达的影响。结果表明,lncLER在卢氏绿壳蛋母鸡各组织中均有不同程度的表达,且在产蛋高峰期肝脏中的表达量较高;雌激素在个体和细胞水平可显著上调lncLER的表达。本试验初步阐明了lncLER基因在卢氏绿壳蛋母鸡中的表达调控规律,为进一步研究lncLER在鸡产蛋过程中的生物学功能奠定了基础。