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11.
Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK. 相似文献
12.
最新欧盟茶叶中农药最高残留限量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国茶叶杂志报道了我国对欧出口茶叶中农药残留严重超标状况,本文结合欧盟新修订的茶叶中农药最高残留限量(MRL),特别从2000年7月1日起对菊酯类和其它一些农药执行新的限量规定,如对氰戊菊酯现规定的MRL为0.1mg/kg比原先规定的10mg/kg下调了100倍等情况提出几项建议。 相似文献
13.
Tomonari Kasai Tomoko Suzuki Kozue Ono Ken'ichi Ogawa Yoshishige Inagaki Yuki Ichinose Kazuhiro Toyoda Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):265-272
We previously reported that the release of O2
− from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide
suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall
of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino
acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length
cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively
than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins.
The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their
effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss
a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response.
The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165. 相似文献
14.
为明确15.8%精喹禾灵EC对春油菜田禾本科杂草的防除效果及其使用的安全性,在田间设15.8%精喹禾灵EC每公顷225、300、375、600 mL4个剂量处理,以15%精喹禾灵EC300 mL/hm2为对照药剂,以人工锄草和清水喷雾为对照,于油菜2~5叶期(旱雀麦1~4叶期、野燕麦2~4叶期)对水300 L喷雾处理,药后观察油菜和杂草的反应,20d、40d时调查杂草防效。试验结果表明,15.8%精喹禾灵EC对油菜田旱雀麦、野燕麦具有很好的防效,适宜剂量分别为375 mL/hm2、300 mL/hm2,此时防效均在80%以上,并且对油菜安全。因此,15.8%精喹禾灵EC是防除油菜田旱雀麦和野燕麦的优良除草剂,可以在生产上推广使用。 相似文献
15.
菌株HN-2为本实验室分离得到的一株生防细菌,通过采用形态学观察结合现代分子生物学的手段鉴定生防菌HN-2为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis,以杧果炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz作为靶标,其发酵上清液的正丁醇萃取粗提物的活性最好,抑菌圈大小为20.93 mm,半最大效应浓度(EC50)为70.62 μg/mL。通过飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)数据结合基因检测的结果分析发现,正丁醇提取物中主要活性成分为脂肽类物质,其中含有表面活性素(surfactin)、伊枯草菌素(iturins)和泛革素(fengycin)等。通过显微观察发现正丁醇粗提物可以造成杧果炭疽病菌菌丝扭曲、膨大、畸形,从而抑制杧果炭疽病菌的生长,菌株HN-2正丁醇提取物处理后的杧果15 d内未出现杧果炭疽病病状,对杧果果实具有较好的保护作用。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌HN-2的主要活性物质为脂肽类物质,其对植物病原真菌有较好的防治效果,具有进一步深入研究和开发应用的潜力。 相似文献
16.
[目的]探讨高原农作物豌豆提取液抗氧化和脂质过氧化的作用。[方法]对豌豆进行SOD酶液的提取,测定蛋白浓度、酶活力、抗氧化活性、抑制小鼠离体组织过氧化能力、体外组织脂质过氧化能力。[结果]豌豆粗酶液对DPPH·的EC50为55.16 mg/L,清除率低于同浓度的Vc和茶多酚、柠檬酸,Vc与粗酶液均有协同效应,相对而言,Vc的增效优于柠檬酸。 豌豆SOD酶液对DPPH·的EC50为11.1mg/L,优于茶多酚,与维生素C非常接近。豌豆SOD酶液对小鼠离体肝、肾和心组织中的MDA生成均有抑制作用,其中对离体肝组织中MDA生成的抑制效果最明显,浓度为0.25 mg/ml时,抑制率为78.3%,此后再增大浓度,抑制率的增加不多,心和肾效果次之。[结论]豌豆SOD粗酶液与豌豆SOD酶液都有一定清除DPPH·的能力, 豌豆SOD酶液有抑制脂质过氧化能力。 相似文献
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18.
采用林间试验,在苹果小吉丁虫幼虫期对受害野苹果树进行不同施药方式和施药浓度的组合处理,探究16%虫线清乳油对野苹果小吉丁虫化学防治效果。试验结果表明,采用打孔注药和输液法施药方式在30 d后校正防效均达到90%以上;采用输液法及施药浓度为1倍稀释时,在整个防治期内校正防效均高于其它处理。对返青率进行比较分析时发现,对于野苹果树生长,最适合的施药浓度为2倍稀释。因此,在虫害防治前期采用1倍稀释浓度、防治后期采用2倍稀释浓度进行施药防治的效果较好。 相似文献
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