芩术安胎散的毒性和临床安全性试验研究

试验通过对芩术安胎散的急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和临床安全性进行研究,为芩术安胎散对家猫先兆性流产的预防与治疗提供参考。急性毒性试验：制备芩术安胎散药液,取6周龄健康昆明小白鼠60只,随机分为5组,每组12只,第1~4组的给药剂量分别为6 000、4 800、3 840和3 072 mg/kg,对照组给予等量纯净水,10 d内观察有无中毒和死亡,计算半数致死量（LD₅₀）;另取6周龄健康昆明小白鼠20只,随机分为2组：试验组给予2.0 g/mL芩术安胎散药液,18 h内灌服3次,每次0.8 mL,对照组给予等量纯净水,给药后饲养7 d,计算最大耐受量（MTD）。亚慢性毒性试验：24只7周龄SD雌性大鼠随机均分为高、中、低剂量组和对照组,在30 d内,每日分别给予4 800、2 400和1 200 mg/kg芩术安胎散,对照组以等量纯净水进行灌胃,每日观察和记录各组大鼠的精神状态、有无中毒症状和死亡;第31天对各组大鼠称重、采血,进行血液学检测,剖检各组大鼠,观察主要脏器有无病变并制作病理切片。临床安全性试验：选取2~5岁健康雌性家猫20只,适应性饲养10 d,随机分组,每组5只,分别为低剂量组（1倍临床推荐剂量：1.15 g/kg）、中剂量组（3倍临床推荐剂量：3.45 g/kg）、高剂量组（5倍临床推荐剂量：5.75 g/kg）及空白对照组,将药物置于胶囊内,口服给药,空白对照组给予空胶囊,每日1次,连续给药7 d,每日观察各组家猫食欲、精神状态及排便情况,于第8天对各组家猫进行静脉采血,检测血常规和血液生化指标。结果显示,急性毒性试验无小鼠死亡,LD₅₀>6 000 mg/kg;小鼠对芩术安胎散的最大耐受量为240 g/kg,表明该受试药物无明显毒性。在亚慢性毒性试验中,各组大鼠的生长发育情况、血常规指标、脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组与低剂量组、对照组相比血清总胆固醇含量显著下调（P<0.05）,除此之外的生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。病理剖检和组织切片观察结果显示,高剂量组大鼠主要组织器官与对照组相比无明显异常。在临床安全性试验中,不同剂量组家猫精神状态、被毛光泽度、粪便情况均正常,血液学指标与对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。本试验结果表明,中药芩术安胎散无明显毒性,家猫按临床推荐剂量使用是安全的。     

Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Acidity,Electrical Conductivity,Soil Organic Carbon Content and Exchangeable Potassium,Calcium and Magnesium in Some Cropped Acid Soils of India

Land degradation is a global problem. Best management of degraded land can be done by evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties including chemical properties of degraded land and mapping such variations. Since, a significant portion of arable land in India is chemically degraded due to soil acidity; the present study was conducted to study the spatial variability of soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (OC) content, exchangeable potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) contents in some cropped acid soils of India. A total of four hundred (one hundred from each series) representative surface (0–0.15 m depth) soil samples were collected from arable soils representing four soil series namely Hariharapur, Debatoli, Rajpora and Neeleswaram situated in Orissa, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India, respectively, and were analyzed. Soil acidity (pH between 3.90 and 6.45) showed a low variability, in contrast to other soil properties, which showed moderate variability. The coefficients of variation varied from 32.4 to 74.3, 31.2 to 50.9, 45.6 to 100, 71.9 to 93.0 and 59.0 to 79.8% for EC (mean between 0.05 and 0.09 dS m⁻¹), OC (mean between 0.29 to 1.86%), exchangeable K⁺ (mean between 39.1 and 77.7 mg kg⁻¹), Ca²⁺ (mean between 148 and 293 mg kg⁻¹) and Mg²⁺ (mean between 111 and 191 mg kg⁻¹), respectively. Soil pH and OC content were positively and significantly correlated with exchangeable K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ content. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the best fit models were gaussian, exponential and spherical for different soil properties with moderate to strong spatial dependency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤及其影响因子分析研究

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地绿地建设长期使用４．０ｇ／Ｌ以上的高矿　化度地下水及生活污水灌溉，对土壤的理化、生化性质产生了重大影响．通过６年的定位试验　观测，数据表明原沙漠腹地风沙土０～２ｍ内可溶性离子总量下降，２ｍ以下增加；土壤粘粒、　有机质含量增加；土壤容重降低；土壤紧实度除表层以外，各层土壤由紧变松；土壤肥力显　著增强；土壤微生物的数量大幅增加，生物活性趋强．     

青核桃去皮过程的受力分析

青核桃在去皮方面不断进取的同时,存在着共同的问题是去掉的青皮被打成泥状,对核桃和环境都造成再次污染。为此,将通过模拟青核桃去皮过程的受力进行试验,分别从青核桃的尺寸、加载方向及加载速度等可能影响青核桃去皮过程的因素进行分析研究,为使青皮脱掉后不会被打成泥状,而是呈块状脱出奠定实验基础。     

Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

甘肃省某奶牛场肠杆菌性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

为查明甘肃省某奶牛场发生临床型奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌并选择治疗用敏感药物,随机无菌采集了6份临床型病牛乳样和1份大罐乳样,采用划线分离、菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行细菌分离鉴定,同时采用K-B法测定主要分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,从临床型乳房炎乳样中分离鉴定出大肠埃希菌、芽胞杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(腐生葡萄球菌)3种细菌,其中大肠埃希菌的分离率最高,为66.67%;从大罐奶样中也分离出大肠埃希菌。药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、红霉素均存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率为29%~100%;对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮等药物敏感。说明此次牛场临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌,而且分离的大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药性。根据检测分析结果,给奶牛场提出针对性的防控措施,临床型乳房炎的发病率下降,病情得以控制。     

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions in Large White pigs selected for higher peripheral blood immune capacity

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions were compared between the immunity‐selected Large White line and the non‐selected Large White line. The selected Large White line showed a higher level of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Large White line. Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^‐ and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8⁺ T cells) were significantly increased in the non‐selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity‐selected Large White line. Secretion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine‐specific immunoblogulin G and phagocyte activity in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. However, expression of IL‐10 in all immune tissues was significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line. These results suggest that the selection for high immunity was not effective in increasing resistance to MPS lung lesions.     

基于穿刺测试的萝卜耐裂根性研究

为了准确客观地评价萝卜的裂根性,为耐裂根萝卜品种的筛选提供理论依据,采用TA.XT Plus型物性测试仪进行穿刺试验,对耐裂根品种韩玉1号和易裂根品种雪单1号肉质根的上、中、下部位分别进行相关测定。试验结果显示,不同部位的屈服力、屈服能、脆性、根皮及根肉平均硬度的差异并不一致;而耐裂根品种的屈服力、屈服能、脆性与易裂根品种的差异显著,说明屈服力、屈服能、脆性指标可以作为萝卜耐裂根性的主要指标,且均应选取萝卜肉质根中部进行穿刺测试。