苧麻不同品种(系)抗旱性的测定及其水分生理研究

1991年对9个不同苧麻品种(系)的4个抗旱性生理指标进行了测定,结果表明:2117-9、华苧一号和5261-5是3个抗旱性很强的品种(系)。在干旱条件下,抗旱品种通过增加脯氨酸含量以减少水分损失,提高渗透调节能力,缓解干旱引起的原生质膜伤害。对华苧一号进行水分胁迫研究表明,在土壤含水量为2%～7%时,植株水分亏缺值为30.00%,自由水与束缚水比值为1.28,植株停止生长而趋于死亡。     

干旱胁迫下佛甲草生理生化变化的研究

为了解佛甲草对干旱环境的适应能力,研究了干旱胁迫下佛甲草组织中MDA,脯氨酸,叶绿素含量及SOD和POD活性的变化。研究结果表明,在轻度干旱胁迫下,植物组织中SOD和POD活性呈上升趋势;在严重干旱胁迫下SOD和POD活性有所下降。MDA含量整体呈上升趋势。干旱处理使叶绿素含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。脯氨酸含量呈现上升趋势,在严重干旱时,略有下降。     

不同品系欧洲报春的抗寒性研究

在不同低温处理下,分别对引进的3个品系欧洲报春叶片和花进行相对电导率及游离脯氨酸含量测定,分析其抗寒性的差异,结果表明:3个品系的欧洲报春花叶片伤害度、半致死温度和游离脯氨酸含量变化较为相符,其叶片和花的耐寒性强弱为:丹若娃的叶片>里拉的叶片>妃纯的叶片;妃纯的花>丹若娃的花>里拉的花,与其在露地栽培中观察到的结果相符。     

低温胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片中脯氨酸降解酶的活性及其基因表达量的影响

为了探讨脯氨酸代谢与番茄抗寒性之间的关系,采用常规方法测定了低温胁迫不同时间下番茄幼苗叶片中游离脯氨酸含量和脯氨酸脱氢酶活性,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测了不同处理时间下脯氨酸脱氢酶基因的表达量,并分析了各项指标的动态变化。结果表明,在低温逆境下,耐寒性品种O-33-1中脯氨酸积累量总体呈增加的趋势,而冷敏感品种‘耐运2000’游离脯氨酸积累量下降,说明脯氨酸积累量的变化在一定程度上可以体现番茄抗寒性的强弱;ProDH活性在O-33-1中呈上升趋势,在‘耐运2000’中呈下降趋势,说明脯氨酸的积累受P5CS与ProDH相反方向的共同调节,使植物体内脯氨酸含量保持在适当的水平;2个品种在低温胁迫下ProDH基因表达量都显著降低,说明低温逆境抑制了该基因的表达,使脯氨酸的降解在转录水平上受到调节。     

Research Progress on Effects of Proline on Reproductive Performance of Sows

Proline is a cyclic α-imino acids,meanwhile it also can be considered as a functional amino acid for mammals and plays an important role in protein synthesis,organism metabolism,wound healing,anti-oxidant and immune reactions. The studys have found that extra dietary supplementation of moderated proline has great significance in improving the growth and development of conceptus,piglets, embryo,mammary gland and placenta of sows,at the same time it also can prevent intrauterine growth restriction. The author reviewed structure characters and physicochemical properties,anabolism and catabolism of proline,and especially focused on its effects on the reproductive performance of pregnancy sows and potential regulation mechanism aiming to provide some help for the researchers in the field of sows.     

Effect of Nephthyl Acetic Acid Foliar Spray on Amelioration of Drought Stress Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

The present study aimed to determine the effect of nephthyl acetic acid (NAA) on the physiological mechanism of drought tolerance in selected maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under induced drought stress at the vegetative stage. Maize seeds were sown in plastic pots (14 cm lower inside diameter, 18.5 cm upper inner diameter, 15.6 cm height, and 0.5 cm thickness) filled with 3 kg of air-dried soil and sand (3:1) in triplicate in the greenhouse of the Botany Department, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda in 2014. Results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation were associated with the dry mass production and consequently with the drought tolerance of the maize varieties. It has been concluded that the inhibitory effects of water stress were ameliorated by exogenous application of NAA and were found to be significant for antioxidant enzymes at the vegetative stage in both varieties.     

Soybean (Glycine max) Extracts Impact on Plant and Soil Biology

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from fresh and oven-dried leaves and roots of soybean plants on maize growth and on rhizosphere soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought-stressed soybean plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of maize-treated plants. Increase in antioxidant activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and endogenous ABA was recorded in treated plants. The soybean leaf extracts prepared from drought-stressed plants significantly decreased the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of maize cultivated soil. The soybean drought-stressed leaf extracts prepared plants were found more effective in modulating the physiology of maize, indicating the higher allelopathic potential of soybean.     

Proline and Glutamine Improve in vitro Callus Induction and Subsequent Shooting in Rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of proline and glutamine on in vitro callus induction and subsequent regeneration and to develop a reproducible and highly efficient plant regeneration protocol in four rice genotypes, viz. Pawana, Jaya, Indrayani and Ambemohar. Considerable variation in response to plant growth regulators and amino acid supplements used was observed in all the four genotypes. Medium supplemented with proline and glutamine was shown to be superior to medium without proline and glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D), 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot induction was higher in the callus obtained from medium supplemented with 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency(83.2%) was observed on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/L proline, and 500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotypes, Pawana has the highest regeneration efficiency(83.2%), whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotypes was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This optimized regeneration protocol can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in rice.     

聚乙二醇胁迫下不同苜蓿品种愈伤组织生理指标的变化

以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为渗透胁迫剂,对5个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种愈伤组织进行干旱胁迫.用生理生化方法对各品种愈伤组织的过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸积累量、质膜相对透性3项抗旱性鉴定指标进行测定,各项结果趋于一致,其抗旱性强弱的顺序为:龙牧803、草原2号、中牧1号、龙牧80l、准格尔.同时,证明了POD活性、游离脯氨酸含量和质膜透性均可作为苜蓿抗旱性鉴定的生理指标.     

晚秋温度对苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的影响

通过对9个不同苜蓿Medicago sativa品种地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的研究,揭示晚秋温度变化对上述指标变化的影响,结果表明：9月10日-10月10日,随着温度的降低,3种不同秋眠类型的苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸含量都呈上升趋势,其中高度秋眠类型苜蓿的变化幅度最大;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部可溶性糖变化趋势有所不同,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿变化幅度比较剧烈,说明在贮藏类营养物质方面,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿更为敏感,二者变化趋势恰好相反,中度秋眠类型苜蓿介于二者之间;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部过氧化物酶（POD）活性都经历逐步上升的趋势,中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿POD活性变幅相对于低度秋眠类型大,说明中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿地上部对于气温的变化更敏感。