几种引进柏树的抗旱性评价

通过植物叶片的保水力、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及胁迫前后脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量变化等指标对几种引进柏树和国内乡土种(侧柏)的抗旱性强弱进行对比研究。结果表明:在叶片保水力方面,大西洋扁柏(T4)>大阿杂交柏2(CC5,)>阿拉斯加扁柏(N2)>北美爬地柏(H1)>美国扁柏(L3)>大阿杂交柏1(CC4)>侧柏(Ce);在光合速率方面,N2>Ce>H1>L3>T4>CC5>CC4;在蒸腾速率方面,N2>Ce>H1>L3>T4>CC5>CC4;水分利用效率方面,L3>T4>CC4>H1>Ce>N2>CC5;脯氨酸积累量方面,L3>Ce>CC5>CC4>H1>T4>N2;可溶性糖增加量方面,CC4>CC5>L3>Ce>N2>T4>H1。运用模糊数学的隶属函数法对7个引进柏树的抗旱能力做综合评价,引入种L3、N2、CC5、T4、CC4在抗旱能力方面均强于国内乡土种侧柏(Ce),而H1抗旱性弱于侧柏(Ce)。     

马铃薯克新13叶片游离脯氨酸含量和水势与抗旱性关系的研究

在马铃薯不同生育期控水的条件下,对马铃薯叶片游离脯氨酸含量和叶片水势与不同生育期的抗旱性关系进行了研究。结果表明：马铃薯叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对值、叶片水势相对值与相应品种的抗旱性有显著的相关性。不同时期的抗旱系数越大抗旱性越强,叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对值、叶片水势相对值均随着生育期和控水水平的加强而增大。     

低温胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片中脯氨酸降解酶的活性及其基因表达量的影响

为了探讨脯氨酸代谢与番茄抗寒性之间的关系,采用常规方法测定了低温胁迫不同时间下番茄幼苗叶片中游离脯氨酸含量和脯氨酸脱氢酶活性,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测了不同处理时间下脯氨酸脱氢酶基因的表达量,并分析了各项指标的动态变化。结果表明,在低温逆境下,耐寒性品种O-33-1中脯氨酸积累量总体呈增加的趋势,而冷敏感品种‘耐运2000’游离脯氨酸积累量下降,说明脯氨酸积累量的变化在一定程度上可以体现番茄抗寒性的强弱;ProDH活性在O-33-1中呈上升趋势,在‘耐运2000’中呈下降趋势,说明脯氨酸的积累受P5CS与ProDH相反方向的共同调节,使植物体内脯氨酸含量保持在适当的水平;2个品种在低温胁迫下ProDH基因表达量都显著降低,说明低温逆境抑制了该基因的表达,使脯氨酸的降解在转录水平上受到调节。     

不同旱稻品种灌浆期抗旱生理适应性的研究

选择抗旱性不同的4个旱稻品种,对其灌浆期旗叶抗旱性生理指标进行测定。结果表明:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及游离脯氨酸含量均为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地高于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号);丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性大小表现为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地低于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号)。SOD、POD、CAT活性和丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、细胞膜相对透性可用来说明旱稻品种之间的抗旱生理适应性的差异。     

饲粮添加脯氨酸对妊娠环江香猪体成分的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加脯氨酸对妊娠环江香猪体成分的影响。选取32头妊娠15 d的环江香猪,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头猪。2组试验猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.77%L-丙氨酸(等氮对照组)和1.00%L-脯氨酸(脯氨酸组)的饲粮。分别于妊娠第45和70天时,每个重复选择1头母猪屠宰,测定其体成分。结果表明:与等氮对照组相比,妊娠第45天时脯氨酸组环江香猪的脂肪率显著降低(P0.05),皮肤率呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10);妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),皮肤率呈降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10),背最长肌中脯氨酸的含量显著增加(P0.05),精氨酸和丙氨酸的含量呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。与妊娠第45天时相比,妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),瘦肉率与皮肤率显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加脯氨酸可增加妊娠环江香猪机体脂肪和精氨酸的沉积量,妊娠中期的机体脂肪沉积量比妊娠前期有所增加,从而有利于胎儿的生长发育。     

4个白三叶品系对不同灌水频率的生理响应

试验以新疆白三叶(Trifolium repens)为材料,以海法作对照,通过设置不同的微喷灌水频率(1、3、5、7 d/次),研究白三叶各品系生理指标的变化规律,以期为在白三叶建植过程中制定合理的灌溉制度提供基础数据。试验结果表明:随着灌水频率的减小,海法,S82,S92,S96品系的叶面积逐渐减小;叶绿素含量先下降,再小幅度增加后趋于稳定;叶片相对含水量无明显差异;游离脯氨酸含量先增加后减少;S82和S96品系的可溶性糖含量呈现升-降-升的变化趋势,S92却出现相反趋势;丙二醛含量呈现是先增加后减少,再增加的变化趋势。根据白三叶各项生理指标的数据综合分析认为,白三叶适宜的灌水时间为年5 d/次,4个品系的抗旱性由强到弱的顺序是S82S92海法S96。     

Drought tolerance in four-day-old seedlings of a drought-sensitive cultivar of wheat

Four-day-old seedlings of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Marvdasht) can tolerate severe dehydration and recover after re-watering. In order to clarify tolerance mechanism, in a completely randomized design, the seedlings were exposed to drought by complete water cessation for 10 and 20 days, followed by re-watering for 3 and 7 days. Upon dehydration, the activity of α-amylase increased whereas growth parameters; photosynthetic pigments; and the activities of lipoxygenase, indole acetic acid (IAA) oxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased. The activity of APX and the expression of its gene, however, increased after re-watering. Prolonged dehydration was also accompanied by increase in sucrose, soluble proteins, fructans, and certain amino acids, e.g. proline, glutamine, and valine. The results indicated that during dehydration, 4-day-old wheat seedlings shifted their energy expenditure from basal metabolism to withstand water deficiency via lowering the activity of membrane-damaging enzymes and enhancing the production of osmoprotectants.     

Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of maize (Zea mays L.) plants fertilized with nano-iron (Fe3O4) micronutrient

Nano-sized formulations of micronutrient iron (Fe) were found to substantially alter the growth and metabolism of maize plants. Plants fertilized with the optimal recommended dose of Fe in the nano-form (54 μM) registered an enhancement in morphological features, viz. plant height, biomass (shoot and root), and diminution in antioxidant enzyme activities than the plants fertilized with the sub-optimal dose of Fe in the macroform (salts). However, half of the recommended dosage of Fe (27 μM) in the nano-form positively influenced leaf area and proline content of plants too. This indicated that there is a possibility of reducing the dose of Fe supplement for plants in the nano-form to increase the nutrient use efficiency in a major cereal crop like maize. This may open a new era in plant nutrient management with a scope for improvement in nutrient use efficiency using nano-nutrient formulations.     

Nucleic Acid Metabolism,Proline Concentration and Antioxidants Enzyme Activity in Canola （Brassica nupus L.） Under Salinity Stress

Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase （CAT）, ascobrate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh （FW） and dry weight （DW） of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes （APX and CAT） in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.