植物水分胁迫下功能蛋白的研究进展

介绍了水分胁迫下的几种功能蛋白（水分通道蛋白、渗调物生物合成的关键酶、LEA蛋白等）的特性,以及几种主要的渗透调节物质（脯氨酸、甜菜碱、多胺）在植物体内的定位、生理功能和它们在植物体内的生物合成途径以及合成酶类的相关基因。     

Influence of Soil Moisture on Growth, Water Use and Yield of Mustard

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil moisture on growth, water use and yield of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. cv. Rai 5 ). Two soil moisture regimes were rainfed and irrigated at 10 days interval throughout the growing season. The total amount of water received as irrigation was 110 mm and as rainfall was 15 mm. Total dry matter per unit ground area, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were increased and leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were decreased by irrigation. Chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content (RLWC) were increased by irrigation, but proline content was greater in the rainfed crop at both the flowering and pod-filling stages. Time taken to first flowering, duration of flowering, number of seeds/pod and harvest index were unaffected by irrigation. Plant height at harvest, number of pods/plant, seed yield and oil content of seeds were increased and 1000-seed weight was decreased by irrigation. The consumptive use of water increased with an increase in water supply, but the water use efficiency (WUE) was decreased.     

低温对香蕉叶片中蛋白质及脯氨酸的影响

在人工气候室中,低温胁迫引起香蕉和大蕉叶片组织中可溶性蛋白质的组分发生明显变化。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱分析表明;当温度降至１℃时,香蕉叶片中分子组成分别约为１．１３×１０＾５和６．４５×１０＾４的２种多肽含量明显增加,并新增加一种分子组成约为１．２０×１０＾５的多肽。低温胁迫下大蕉的表现基本与香蕉的相似,只是分子组成约为１．２０×１０＾５的多态在１０℃时已隐约出现。推测该多肽可能与香蕉和大蕉的抗冷性     

饲料中添加脯氨酸对浅色黄姑鱼生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究饲料中添加脯氨酸对浅色黄姑鱼(Nibea coibor)生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取450尾浅色黄姑鱼,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、5、10、15、20和25 g/kg 脯氨酸的试验饲粮,进行为期8周的饲养实验。结束后进行生物学指标测定,测定各实验组中浅色黄姑鱼的生长、体常规成分及抗氧化指标。结果表明:脯氨酸对浅色黄姑鱼生长性能和饲料利用率没有显著的影响,但显著影响机体的蛋白质沉积。通过全鱼粗蛋白估算出的最佳饲料脯氨酸添加量为14.73 g/kg 。另外,饲料中添加脯氨酸显著提高了肝脏和血清中的还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)及血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,却显著降低了浅色黄姑鱼肝脏和血清中的丙二醛(MDA)含量。综上,饲料中添加脯氨酸对浅色黄姑鱼生长的促进作用不显著,但可以促进蛋白沉积和增强抗氧化能力。     

秸秆发酵液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响

为了探究秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对玉米幼苗的影响,以40 g/L、50g/L、60 g/L和70g/L玉米秸秆-土壤浸出液自然发酵及腐熟剂发酵液为试材,用滤纸培养、盆栽法和常规方法测定种子发芽率、幼苗根长、根数、株高、幼苗鲜重、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量.结果 表明,随发酵液浓度的增加,种子发芽率、根长、根数、根系鲜重、株高、叶...     

喷施硝酸镧对脐橙叶片渗透调节物质的影响

为了探明稀土元素镧对脐橙叶片渗透调节的影响,本研究以2年生‘纽荷尔’脐橙为试验材料,采用0 mg/L(CK)、50 mg/L、150 mg/L和300 mg/L硝酸镧溶液喷施脐橙叶片,分别于喷施后0、2、4、8、12、24 h采集植株中上部当年生嫩叶,测定渗透物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白与游离脯氨酸含量。结果表明：不同生长时间,脐橙叶片(CK)可溶性蛋白含量积累先升高后降低,可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量积累持续降低;喷施不同浓度硝酸镧溶液后,脐橙叶片游离脯氨酸含量的积累趋势发生改变。当喷施50 mg/L和150 mg/L的硝酸镧时,可同时促进脐橙叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白与游离脯氨酸含量的积累;当浓度提高到300 mg/L时,叶片可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量的积累明显高于其他处理,但可溶性蛋白含量的积累明显受到抑制。由此可见,喷施硝酸镧后,脐橙叶片通过主动积累可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白与游离脯氨酸来适应和调节细胞渗透胁迫;由于渗透物质种类的不同,导致促进其含量积累的适宜浓度存在差异,其中适宜可溶性蛋白含量积累的浓度为≤150 mg/L;适宜可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量积累的浓度为≥300 mg/L。研究结果可为进一步研究稀土元素对脐橙渗透物质影响的作用机理及生理代谢的调控提供参考依据。     

甲醛对波斯顿蕨生长的毒理学

以波斯顿蕨为材料,通过测定其在不同浓度甲醛处理下的各种生理指标的变化情况,研究蕨类植物吸收室内甲醛的能力。结果表明,在不同浓度甲醛的处理下,叶绿素含量呈先升后降趋势,而叶绿素a/b比值呈先降低后升高的趋势,MDA含量逐渐累积,脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势。波斯顿蕨对低浓度的甲醛具有一定的抗性。     

Lavandula multifida response to salinity: Growth,nutrient uptake,and physiological changes

Fern leaf lavender (Lavandula multifida L.) is a perennial shrub native to Almería with known medicinal properties, which grows in saline soils that are increasingly present in the Mediterranean region. However, the effects of salinity on the mineral nutrition and physiology of L. multifida are unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the salt resistance of this species and compared it with other members of the Lamiaceae . Plants of L. multifida were grown in pots in a mixture of sphagnum peat‐moss and Perlite, and treated with five different NaCl concentrations [10 (control), 30, 60, 100, and 200 mM NaCl] over a period of 60 d. The effects of different levels of salinity on mineral nutrient and osmolyte concentrations and on biomass were evaluated. Our results show that L. multifida plants were able to grow with 60 mM NaCl without significant biomass reduction. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ were the main contributors to the osmotic potential in both roots and leaves, whereas total soluble sugars (TSS) and proline made only a small contribution. The concentrations of TSS and proline showed different trends in the different organs: in roots, both showed the highest concentrations at 60 mM NaCl, whereas in leaves TSS increased and proline decreased with increasing salt stress. To survive salinity, L. multifida plants increased salt excretion (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) by leaves at 100 and 200 mM NaCl and leaf succulence at 60, 100, and 200 mM NaCl. Excessive accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ was avoided by shedding leaves. Our results indicate that L. multifida is better adapted to salinity compared to other members of the Lamiaceae ¸ a consideration that is particularly relevant for their growth in arid saline areas.     

甘肃地方苜蓿品种地理性分布与抗旱性关系的研究

作者研究了在水分胁迫下,甘肃境内不同地理分布的9个苜蓿品种的叶片含水量、叶气孔度、脯氨酸维持积累时间和积累量,结果表明,以上指标均呈现出从西到东递减的趋势。     

渗透胁迫下芦苇胚性愈伤组织中脯氨酸含量的变化及外源ABA的影响

研究了PEG－6000胁迫下两种生态型芦苇胚性愈伤组织游离脯氨酸含量的变化及外源ABA对其变化的影响。结果表明：在10％－30％PEG的胁迫下脯氨酸迅速积累，沙生芦苇胚性愈伤组织（SREC）的积累量明显高于水生芦苇胚性愈伤组织（WREC）。施加10μmol/L ABA后WREC的脯氨酸含量大幅度升高，但对SREC的影响较小。