居民收入水平影响因素及其城乡和区域差异

针对城乡间、区域间居民收入水平存在差异的问题,采用动态面板数据实证研究方法,对居民收入水平的影响因素及城乡和区域差异进行研究,结果表明:1)居民消费能有效促进城乡居民收入水平提高,居民消费性支出每提高1个百分点城市居民收入提高0.2个百分点,农村居民提高约0.1个百分点。2)总人口抚养比具有显著抑制作用,其每提高1个百分点东中部农村居民收入水平下降0.25个百分点,西部城市居民收入水平下降0.21个百分点。3)城乡收入差距对东中部地区农村居民收入水平的影响更为显著,每提高1个百分点,东中部地区农村居民收入水平下降0.5个百分点。城市化水平、经济增长、财政支出、居民消费、产业占比以及人口抚养比等因素显著影响居民收入水平,且影响存在明显的城乡和区域差异。     

我国沿海渔业碳生产率的区域差异及影响因素

针对提高渔业碳生产率的问题,测算1978—2011年我国沿海11个省市的渔业碳生产率,利用省际面板数据对其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:我国渔业碳生产率整体在逐年提高,但各省市间的渔业碳生产率水平差异较大。天津、江苏和山东的渔业碳生产率排名前3位,广西、海南和浙江排在最后;从海域视角看,呈现出由渤海、黄海和东海到南海渔业碳生产率逐渐降低的趋势。对我国沿海渔业碳生产率水平有显著正向影响效应的因素主要有渔业发展水平(0.023)、产业结构(0.438)、对外开放度(0.044)和技术进步(0.760)。从低碳渔业经济模范市、渔业科技进步和渔业外贸3个方面提出了提高我国沿海渔业碳生产率的政策建议。     

灯塔站迁站气象要素差异对比及影响因素分析

为了分析灯塔迁站对气象要素的影响,通过差值统计方法,选取新站与旧站2014年1月、4月、7月、10月4个月的观测资料,对灯塔国家一般站(54348站)的气温、相对湿度、气压、风速4个气象要素的观测资料进行差值对比分析。结果表明:新站月平均气温偏低0.6~0.9℃,气压偏低0.9~1.0 h Pa,相对湿度偏高3~6个百分点,风速偏大0.7~1.4 m/s;造成气象要素差异的主要原因为城市热岛效应。     

Regional and varietal differences in the risk of wheat seed infection by fungal species associated with fusarium head blight in Italy

The incidence of seed infection by fungal species pertinent to the fusarium head blight complex was monitored from 1999 to 2002 in two soft and three durum wheat cultivars grown across the northern, central and southern production zones of Italy, in order to characterize the species composition at the seed level. The main species recovered were Fusarium graminearum, F. poae and Microdochium nivale. There was a marked influence of production zone on seed infection incidence for both durum and soft wheat cultivars, with incidence of infection generally decreasing from the northern to the southern zone. Incidence of seed infection by different species of Fusarium was twice to four times higher in durum compared with the soft wheat cultivars in the study. There were no significant differences in terms of seed infection incidence between the two soft wheat cultivars, but the durum cultivars differed in their levels of seed infection for some of the pathogens. The results demonstrated that the durum cultivars were more at risk of seed infection by pathogens associated with fusarium head blight, and that wheat grown in northern Italy is at higher risk of seed infection by these species.     

Osteochondrosis and arthrosis in pigs. 3. A comparison of the incidence in young animals of the Norwegian Landrace and Yorkshire breeds

An investigation concerning the occurrence of osteochondrosis and arthrosis in 2 materials totalling 63 pigs of the Landrace breed and 63 of the Yorkshire breed is described. The animals were bred under the same conditions of feeding and housing. The differences should therefore mainly be of genetic origin. Both breeds were highly improved, Landrace the most. In general, Yorkshire pigs showed a lower incidence and a less marked degree of osteochondrosis and arthrosis than Landrace pigs. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were demonstrated in the distal epiphyseal plate of the ulna, in the intervertebral joints of the lumbar region and in the medial condyle of the femur in 1 of the materials. The Landrace pigs had longer bodies, broader hindquarters, shorter femurs, and the stifle had a different shape as compared with Yorkshire pigs. There thus seemed to be a connection between exterior features, joint and bone shape and the occurrence of joint lesions. Differences among litters within breed were also demonstrated.     

Markers of bone metabolism in dog breeds of different size

Serum and urinary markers of bone turnover may be of value in animals as noninvasive tools for determining the response of the skeleton to disease and injury. Although normal values for bone markers have been reported for the Beagle, concerns remain that breed to breed differences will complicate the interpretation of bone marker data in dogs. To explore this, we examined serum bone markers in two breeds of vastly different size, Pomeranians and Irish Wolfhounds. Our hypothesis was that serum concentrations of bone markers are similar in toy and giant dog breeds and fall within the same range as those reported for Beagles. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), respectively markers of bone formation and bone resorption, were measured in age matched Pomeranians (n=14) and Irish Wolfhounds (n=14). No statistically significant differences between the mean BALP and mean ICTP serum concentrations from Pomeranians and Irish Wolfhounds were found. All BALP and ICTP concentrations were within the reference range reported for Beagles. The results of this study suggest that serum BALP and ICTP concentrations in giant and toy breeds are the same as in Beagles and that these assays may be used for dogs of all sizes.     

辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异分析

循环经济是实现资源型城市经济转型、可持续发展的有效方式之一。科学评价循环经济发展水平对区域可持续发展及确定其未来发展方向有重要意义。根据国家统计局制定的循环经济评价指标体系和"3R"原则构建了辽宁省循环经济评价指标体系。运用模糊综合评判方法和GIS方法对辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异作了定量分析。结果表明:辽宁省14个地区循环经济发展水平差异显著,整体上沿海地区好于内陆地区;沈大沿线好于周边地区,并向东西两侧逐级递减;资源型城市水平普遍偏低;辽西半干旱地区水平最低。最后分析影响辽宁循环经济发展的主要因素,并提出循环经济发展建议。     

新疆南北疆区域经济发展差异预警研究

以1993年和2009年两个时间断面上的统计数据为依据,采用统计学方法对2000年以来新疆南北疆区域经济差异状况进行比较分析。结果发现:新疆南北疆区域经济发展存在明显差异,北疆经济发展水平明显优于南疆;在此基础上对南北疆经济差异程度进行了预警研究,研究发现南北疆经济绝对差异已经超出警戒线,而相对差异也已接近警戒线水平。最后,对此提出了相应的政策建议。     

小麦测土配方施肥效果研究

总结小麦配方施肥在大田生产中的应用。     

春玉米中单909农艺性状和产量对密植的响应及其在东北不同区域的差异

增密是实现东北春玉米大面积增产的关键技术,水热和土壤等区域生态条件是决定作物密度高低的关键因素。东北的区域生态条件差异显著, 阐明作物对密度和区域生态条件的综合响应对东北春玉米增密增产具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。本研究以中单909为供试品种, 在代表东北不同生态条件的辽宁沈阳、吉林公主岭、黑龙江哈尔滨、吉林桦甸和吉林洮南等5个试验点设置密度试验, 研究春玉米农艺性状与产量对密度和区域生态条件的综合响应。结果表明, 密植导致株高与穗位高增加, 茎粗降低。区域生态条件主要影响玉米株高, 对茎粗和穗位高的影响不显著。随密度增加, 群体叶面积指数(LAI)显著增加, 尤其是随热量条件改善, 群体LAI呈显著增加趋势。在一定范围内, 密植可以通过提高群体干物质生产力弥补单株生产力的下降, 从而获得高产; 本试验条件下, 中单909在9.00万株 hm^-2左右密度下的密植增产潜力得到充分发挥, 而区域间因生态条件不同, 高产种植密度存在显著差异, 其适宜密植范围在8.6~9.6万株hm^-2之间。