改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略

氮磷在奶牛生长、发育和生产过程中发挥着重要作用,但在实际生产中,饲粮氮磷含量往往过高,而奶牛对于氮磷的利用效率普遍偏低,这不仅会造成饲料资源的浪费,而且加重了氮磷的排放,导致严重的环境污染.合理减少饲粮氮磷含量、提高奶牛机体对氮磷的利用效率具有重要的现实意义.因此,本文主要从影响氮磷利用效率的因素,以及改善奶牛氮磷利用效率的营养策略2个方面进行了综述,以期为提高奶牛氮磷利用效率,减少氮磷向环境的排放,提高奶牛场经济和生态效益提供理论依据.     

Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,USA-a review

Commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk production to supplements high in energy and/or     

中国牧草种子生产现状及需求分析调研报告

为全面掌握中国草种生产现状及未来供需情况,对我国草种子生产现状及未来草种子供需形势进行了调查研究,查阅了相关文献,统计了近几年来全国草种子地区分布、面积、产量和草种子类别,并分析预测了未来几年我国草种的供求趋势,对比了发达国家在草种生产方面的经验和成果,以供行业发展和决策参考。     

蛋氨酸锌在奶牛生产中的应用

蛋氨酸螯合锌是一种新型有机矿物元素添加剂,被称为第3代微量元素添加剂;由于其稳定性好、生物效价高、易消化吸收、抗干扰性强等特点,迅速成为动物营养研究的热点,并在各种动物生产中得到广泛应用。作者就蛋氨酸锌在奶牛实际生产中的相关应用研究进行综述,并对其应用前景进行探讨。     

两种生理调节剂对南阳牛增重和饲料利用率的影响

选择400kg左右的南阳牛48头随机等数分为组，在相同基础日粮条件下，试验1组和试验2组的日粮中分别添加5mg/kg克伦特罗和2mg/kgF89，对照组不添加，经过47d的育肥试验，克伦特罗和F89组育肥牛的日增重分为0.98和0.78kg，比对照组相应提高了53.1%和218%；饲料转化效率也提高了，料重比分别比对照组降低52.9%和22.4%。克伦特罗使育肥牛的血清生长激素水平上升，T4水平下降。     

甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目效益评价

根据甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目区生态系统各组成要素的特点，运用效益指标体系，对该项目的生态、经济和社会效益进行了综合评价。结果表明：经过综合治理，项目区水土流失治理率达31．16％，林草覆盖度由14．81％提高到17．06％，年拦水212．73万m^3，拦泥105．04万m^3，保护植被1904．01hm^3，增加灌溉面积448．00hm^2，使土地利用率提高了37．40％，粮食产量提高了6．73％，人均收入由982．00元提高到1183．36元，年产值达3.60万元／hm^2，投入产出比达1：1．14，利润率为48．49％，生态、经济和社会效益显著。     

有机铬对奶牛的作用

奶牛在妊娠晚期、产奶早期、高温时期和运输过程中处于极度应激的状态下,生产性能、免疫力、繁殖性能均受到影响。近年来研究发现有机铬对缓解奶牛应激有显著的作用,本文将就此作一综述。     

神木县三元杂交肉牛肥育试验

以秦蒙二元杂交牛为对照组,丹秦蒙、利秦蒙和安秦蒙3个三元杂交肉牛分别为试验组,每组6头周岁左右阉牛进行为期100d的肥育对比试验,试验组平均日增重1341.10g、比对照组提高35.90%,精料增重比3.09、降低26.50%,千克增重效益4.78元、提高60.90%。试验组与对照组间各项指标的差异均达显著以上水平(P<0.05-0.001)。在肥育期增长率、饲料报酬和单位增重效益等重要指标上,均以安秦蒙组相对最高,因而红安格斯可做为当地肉牛三元杂交之首选终端父本。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对肉仔鸡粪便水分的影响

采用单因子试验设计法,测定肉仔鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)后对粪便中水分变化的影响。试验表明:感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后,鸡的生产性能受到显著的影响(P<0.05)。粪便中水分含量高于未感染组,感染后4d粪便中水分含量呈上升趋势,研究认为,粪便中水分含量的增加是球虫感染后的鸡的病理性变化的一种生理反映。在临床上,可将鸡粪便中水分含量的变化作为评判鸡感染球虫的参考指标之一。     

控光增绒技术在辽宁绒山羊中应用效果观察

2010～2012年,辽宁省畜牧科学研究院先后在本院科技示范场、凤城市绒山羊养殖户,开展了辽宁绒山羊控光增绒试验,设置了不同控光时间的试验组以及相应的对照组,以期验证该项技术在辽宁地区和辽宁绒山羊生产中的应用效果。试验结果表明,该项技术对辽宁绒山羊增绒效果不明显,达不到一年两次剪绒、提高产绒量的目的,建议谨慎将该项技术应用于辽宁地区辽宁绒山羊生产中。